Bookerwatkins6339
Each exercise was performed with two to three forearm position variants commonly used in clinical environments neutral, pronation, and/or supination. EMG data were collected from the upper trapezius, infraspinatus, teres minor, latissimus dorsi, and anterior/middle/posterior deltoid. Data were analyzed for each individual exercise and within each muscle using a mixed-model ANOVA repeated across forearm position. Significant interactions were followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Effect size was calculated for all significant pairwise comparisons using a Cohen's d statistic.
Significant differences in EMG activity for the selected musculature exist between forearm positions for four of the five exercises and Cohen's d effect sizes 0.178 - 1.159.
Specific eccentric shoulder exercises activate muscles of the shoulder complex differently based on forearm positioning.
Level 2.
Level 2.
In volleyball, offensive (Hitters) and defensive players (Non-Hitters) perform differing actions that vary both kinematically and in terms of intensity. This may impose contrasting demands on the musculature involved in performing these actions. Previous research has identified differences in the muscle activation and contractile properties of the lower-body musculature between positions. Additionally, asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant limbs of the upper-body musculature has been observed in athletes performing overhead movements.
The aim of this study was to use Tensiomyography (TMG) to examine the contractile properties of the shoulder musculature in elite volleyball players.
Cross-sectional study.
Thirty-one elite volleyball players participated in this study (Age 23 ± 2 yrs, Body Mass 76.5 ± 9.8 kg, Stature 181 ± 9.3 cm), 26 of which displayed right-limb dominance and five displayed left-limb dominance. Contractile properties of the shoulder musculature including the anterior deltoid (AD), biceps brachii (BB), posterior deltoid (PD), and the upper trapezius (UT) were assessed bilaterally using TMG measures on one occasion prior to any training or exercise. The contractile measures provided by TMG included the maximal displacement (Dm), contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td), sustain time (Ts), and the relaxation time (Tr).
No statistically significant differences were observed between positions or limbs, except that Hitters displayed a significantly lower Ts of the left AD compared to Non-hitters (
= 0.01, ES = 1.02), and significant differences between dominant and non-dominant sides in the Td of the UT in Non-hitters were present (
= 0.05, ES = 0.8).
These data suggest that irrespective of playing position and limb dominance, contractile properties of the shoulder musculature in elite volleyball players, as measured using TMG, display few significant differences.
3b.
3b.
The unilateral and repetitive nature of overhead sports, often result in a biomechanical overload of the upper extremity. Understanding the musculoskeletal shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength patterns in the youth sports of baseball, softball, and tennis could assist injury prevention screening and further the development of conditioning and rehabilitation programs.
To generate a descriptive profile of shoulder musculoskeletal characteristics and determine whether bilateral differences in shoulder ROM exist in youth baseball, softball, and tennis athletes. A secondary aim was to determine whether shoulder rotational adaptations are correlated with playing position, sport, or years of experience.
Descriptive Laboratory.
A total of 136 competitive youth overhead athletes (baseball n = 51,12.8 ± 0.9yrs; softball n = 63,12.3 ± 1.1yrs; and tennis n = 22,12.5 ± 0.9yrs) participated. PROTAC tubulin-Degrader-1 datasheet Bilateral shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) passive ROM and external rotation strength were measured using an iis study is impactful as it presents specific ROM adaptions seen in this population. Future research is needed to further evaluate if the "at risk" ROM identified in older populations holds true in the youth population.
Diagnosis, Level 3b.
Diagnosis, Level 3b.
Shoulder injuries in baseball related to throwing account for 60% of all baseball injuries and 75% of those throwing injuries occur in pitchers. Impingement is the beginning of a continuum of rotator cuff pathology that can result in pain and disability in pitchers. Identification of self-reported measures and clinical tests that can indicate early pathology of shoulder impingement is needed for overhead athletes. Early identification of shoulder impingement is important to the long-term health and function of these athletes.
The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between self-reported pain and disability using the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) score and the Park Test-Item Cluster (TIC) for subacromial impingement in college baseball pitchers. The research hypotheses are that there will be a correlation 1) between the KJOC score and the TIC by Park and 2) between the KJOC and the Hawkins-Kennedy impingement, the painful arc, and the infraspinatus muscle strength tests inngement tests with the composite score on the KJOC suggests a relationship between these two outcome measures, shoulder irritability, and decreased function in collegiate baseball pitchers. Of the three tests included in the Park TIC, the painful arc test was the only one with an independent significant correlation to the KJOC. The combination of impairment-specific cluster testing and an activity-focused self-assessment tool could be utilized to identify potential pathology and alert the medical professional that assessment and intervention are necessary.
Level 2 (Diagnosis).
Level 2 (Diagnosis).
Greater humeral retroversion has been associated with shoulder and elbow injuries. Methods for measuring torsion include radiography, computed tomography (CT) and sonography (US) which may be costly or unavailable. A palpation method might be a reliable alternative to imaging techniques. The purpose of the current study was to examine the construct validity of the palpation technique for humeral torsion by (1) determining if a side-to-side difference in humeral torsion (HT) could be detected in a cohort of baseball pitchers using the palpation technique and (2) compare the side-to-side difference in HT obtained through the palpation method to the US method.
Clinical assessment of HT by palpation is reliable and is as accurate as sonographic HT measurements among overhead athletes.
Twenty collegiate and high school pitchers were assessed. Bilateral shoulder passive external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) range of motion were measured. Humeral torsion was indirectly measured using sonographic and palpatory methods.
