Wigginsreddy6077

In this cross-sectional study, we examine disparities in physical activity (PA) rates, a determinant of obesity risk, by exploring the impact of household economic hardship, social support, and family structure on adolescent physical activity levels. We assess whether these factors have a different impact on PA stratified by parental nativity status (Hispanic adolescents of foreign- and native-born caregivers compared with whites). The sample included 1927 white and Hispanic 15-year-olds of foreign-born (outside of USA) and native US-born caregivers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We assessed whether economic hardship, family/friend encouragement for PA, married/cohabiting caregivers, and having a resident grandparent was associated with frequency of PA in the past week, while controlling for age, education, and child's sex. We examined the interaction effects of parent nativity on economic hardship and family support. Results indicate disproportionately higher PA levels for white adolescents compared with Hispanic adolescents of foreign-born caregivers (B = -0.41, SE = 0.19, p = 0.03), for adolescents with more family/friend encouragement (B = 0.81, SE = 0.10, p  less then  0.001), and for adolescents in cohabiting households (B = 0.28, SE = 0.14, p = 0.04); support and hardship factors did not vary by nativity status. Researchers and practitioners should address differences among ethnic/generational subgroups and family/friend supports that may improve adolescent PA levels, particularly among Hispanic adolescent subgroups. Physical activity levels continue to be dismal especially for racial/ethnic minority groups, which puts them at further risk of consequences of physical inactivity, including life-long complications associated with being an obese adolescent.BACKGROUND How to select healthy reference subjects in deriving 99th percentiles for cardiac troponin assays still needs to be clarified. To assist with global implementation of high sensitivity (hs)-cardiac troponin (cTn) I and hs-cTnT assays in clinical practice, we determined overall and sex-specific 99th percentiles in 9 hs-cTnI and 3 hs-cTnT assays using a universal sample bank (USB). Ionomycin METHODS The Universal Sample Bank (USB) comprised healthy subjects, 426 men and 417 women, screened using a health questionnaire. Hemoglobin A1c (>URL 6.5%), NT-proBNP (>URL 125 ng/L) and eGFR ( less then 60 mL/min), were used as surrogate biomarker exclusion criteria along with statin use. 99th percentiles were determined by nonparametric, Harrell--Davis bootstrap, and robust methods. RESULTS Subjects were ages 19 to 91 years, Caucasian 58%, African American 27%, Pacific Islander/Asian 11%, other 4%, Hispanic 8%, and non-Hispanic 92%. The overall and sex-specific 99th percentiles for all assays, before and after exclusions (n = 694), were influenced by the statistical method used, with substantial differences noted between and within both hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT assays. Men had higher 99th percentiles (ng/L) than women. The Roche cTnT and Beckman and Abbott cTnI assays (after exclusions) did not measure cTn values at ≥ the limit of detection in ≥50% women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have important clinical implications in that sex-specific 99th percentiles varied according to the statistical method and hs-cTn assay used, not all assays provided a high enough percentage of measurable concentrations in women to qualify as a hs-assay, and the surrogate exclusion criteria used to define normality tended to lower the 99th percentiles. © American Association for Clinical Chemistry 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% to 20% of strokes worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neuroimaging is indispensable for rapid diagnosis of ICH and identification of the underlying etiology, thus facilitating triage and appropriate treatment of patients. The most common neuroimaging modalities include noncontrast computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The strengths and disadvantages of each modality will be reviewed. Novel technologies such as dual-energy CT/CTA, rapid MRI techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy, and automated ICH detection hold promise for faster pre- and in-hospital ICH diagnosis that may impact patient management. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.In a pre-exposure prophylaxis program for Kenyan women, we detected tenofovir-diphosphate in 61% (125/201) of randomly selected dried blood spots collected at first follow-up visit (median time since initiation 5 weeks [IQR 4-18]). Tenofovir-diphosphate was detected more frequently among women who had HIV-positive partners, were not pregnant, and were ≥24 years. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Th authors of 'A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus' (Bioscience Reports (2019) 39, 12) have written a reply in response to the correspondence piece by Rosta et al. (Bioscience Reports (2020) 40, 2). © 2020 The Author(s).As a zinc transporter, SLC39A7 (zip7) is vital in intestinal epithelial self-renewal, and recent studies suggested that SLC39A7 was related to cancer progression. Whereas, little is known about the role of SLC39A7 in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that SLC39A7 mRNA level was increased in both GC tissues and cell lines. Overexpressing SLC39A7 boosted cell proliferation and migration, while inhibited apoptosis in GC. It was also found that si-SLC39A7 suppressed Akt/mTOR pathway and activation of Akt/mTOR pathway reversed the effects of si-SLC39A7 on GC development. Through prediction website, we found that SLC39A7 was directly regulated by miR-139-5p. miR-139-5p mimic had adverse effects on SLC39A7 expression and influence in the GC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis by Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while miR-139-5p inhibitor showed opposite effects. To conclude, our studies showed that SLC39A7 was negatively regulated by miR-139-5p. Besides, SLC39A7 positively regulated GC development through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicate that SLC39A7 may be a candidate target gene for GC treatment. © 2020 The Author(s).BACKGROUNDS Biliary atresia (BA) is a very rare neonatal disease, however, it has been the most common cause of obstructive jaundice in infancy. The complex pathogenesis of BA is not entirely clear and a lot of possible pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of BA, including genetic, inflammatory, environmental and developmental abnormalities. As a transcription factor, USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism has been shown to be related to the risk of BA. METHODS We examined the USF2 rs916145 genotype in a large case-control study consisting of 506 BA patients and 1473 healthy controls, using the MassARRAY iPLEX Gold system (Sequenom). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between the USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism and BA susceptibility. RESULTS The frequency of different genotypes showed no statistical significance (GG/GC, OR 1.09, P=0.470, 95% CI 0.87-1.35; GG/CC, OR 0.86, P=0.378, 95% CI 0.62-1.20). No obvious association was revealed between the USF2 gene rs916145 polymorphism and BA susceptibility. CONCLUSION USF2 rs916145 polymorphism may not be the best predictor of BA. © 2020 The Author(s).Mismatch repair (MMR) systems play important roles in maintaining the high fidelity of genomic DNA. It is well documented that a lack of MMR increases the mutation rate, including base exchanges and small insertion/deletion loops; however, it is unknown whether MMR deficiency affects the frequency of chromosomal recombination in somatic cells. To investigate the effects of MMR on chromosomal recombination, we used the Drosophila wing-spot test, which efficiently detects chromosomal recombination. We prepared MMR (MutS)-deficient flies (spel1(-/-)) using a fly line generated in this study. The spontaneous mutation rate as measured by the wing-spot test was slightly higher in MutS-deficient flies than in wild-type (spel1(+/-)) flies. Previously, we showed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)-induced chromosomal recombination more frequently than N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in Drosophila. When the wing-spot test was performed using MMR-deficient flies, unexpectedly, the rate of NDMA-induced mutation was significantly lower in spel1(-/-) flies than in spel1(+/-) flies. In contrast, the rate of mutation induced by NDEA was higher in spel1(-/-) flies than in spel1(+/-) flies. These results suggest that in Drosophila, the MutS homologue protein recognises methylated DNA lesions more efficiently than ethylated ones, and that MMR might facilitate mutational chromosomal recombination due to DNA double-strand breaks via the futile cycle induced by MutS recognition of methylated lesions. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal nerve and nerve-associated tumors is challenging, especially in cases with large extent. A single surgical access may have limitations and jeopardize patients. OBJECTIVE To present a series of patients to illustrate our individually tailored treatment concept and decision pathway. METHODS Retrospectively, clinical findings and imaging were related to surgical features and outcome. An algorithm for choice of approach was established. RESULTS From 2012 to 2017, we operated on n = 13 patients with retroperitoneal tumors, of these n = 9 were included (n = 6 female, n = 3 male). Histological findings included n = 2 schwannomas, n = 2 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, n = 1 non-origin sarcoma, n = 1 perineurioma, n = 1 intraneural ganglion cyst, n = 1 lymphoma, and n = 1 paraganglioma. In n = 6 patients, we used a monoportal (retroperitoneal/transperitoneal) approach; in n = 2 patients, a biportal retroperitoneal to inguinal/transperitoneal to dorsal approach; and in n = 1 patient, a triportal transperitoneal to dorsal to gluteal approach. In n = 2 patients, we performed an open biopsy only; in n = 2 patients, a tumor enucleation; in n = 3 patients, a subtotal function-sparing resection; in n = 1 patient, a complete resection; and in n = 1 patient, intraneural decompression. In n = 1 patient, a new motor deficit appeared. n = 4 patients required further radio-oncological treatment. n = 8/9 patients are alive without tumor progress or recurrence. CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal nerve or nerve-associated tumors encompass multiple entities. Depending on suspected histology and tumor extension, extensile or combined surgical approaches may be necessary. We present our algorithm for assessment and decision-making regarding surgical access ports and pathways. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.