Stoutbrandt6178

Pain spans a broad spectrum of diseases and types that are highly prevalent and cause substantial disease burden for individuals and society. Up to 40% of people affected by pain receive no or inadequate treatment. Providing a scalable, time-, and location-independent way for pain diagnostic, management, prevention and treatment mobile health applications (MHA) might be a promising approach to improve health care for pain. However, the commercial app market is rapidly growing and unregulated, resulting in an opaque market. Studies investigating the content, privacy and security features, quality and scientific evidence of the available apps are highly needed, to guide patients and clinicians to high quality MHA.Contributing to this challenge, the present study investigates the content, quality, and privacy features of pain apps available in the European app stores.

An automated search engine was used to identify pain apps in the European Google Play and Apple App store. Pain apps were screened and checkedivacy issues, posing a potential threat to users. Further research on evidence and improvements privacy and security are needed. Overall, the potential of pain apps is not exploited.

A multitude of pain apps is available. Most MHA lack scientific evaluation and have serious privacy issues, posing a potential threat to users. Further research on evidence and improvements privacy and security are needed. Overall, the potential of pain apps is not exploited.Depression is highly prevalent among university students. click here Internet-based interventions have been found to be effective in addressing depressive symptoms, but it is open if this also applies to interventions directed at academic stress. It is also largely unclear if the techniques employed in such programs provide significant additional benefits when controlling for non-specific intervention effects. A sample of N = 200 students with elevated levels of depression (CES-D ≥ 16) of a large distance-learning university were randomly assigned to either an Internet- and App-based stress intervention group (IG; n = 100) or an active control group (CG; n = 100) receiving an Internet-based psychoeducational program of equal length. Self-report data was assessed at baseline, post-treatment (7 weeks) and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome was depression (CES-D) post-treatment. Secondary outcomes included mental health outcomes, modifiable risk factors, and academic outcomes. We found significant between-group eff11800 (https//www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011800).In many regulated industries there is an increasing pressure to provide timely and robust risk assessment data to support product launches. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) is a tool that allows for the fast and relatively labour-free cytotoxic assessment of test compounds, compared to traditional methods. Here, we propose an application for the RTCA platform to provide a screening approach, to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of tobacco-free nicotine pouches, also termed modern oral product (MOP), to determine the contribution of differing nicotine strengths (4-11 mg) and a range of available flavour types from multiple markets, on overall product toxicity. Aqueous extracts were prepared for all products using 1 pouch in 20 mL cell culture media and applied to the cell system for 24 h. Test extract nicotine concentrations reflected the increases in product nicotine strength; however, these changes were not present in the same magnitude in the cytotoxicity data obtained from both primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and an NCI-H292 human bronchial epithelial continuous cell line. Furthermore, across the range of flavours and product nicotine strengths tested, H292 cells whilst not the target organ for oral product use, accurately predicted the results seen in HGFs and could be considered a useful surrogate for fast screening studies. H292 cells are more easily cultured and for longer periods, offering a more compatible test system. In conclusion, the data demonstrate the utility of the RTCA platform for the quick assessment of a large range of product variants. Furthermore, for a cytotoxicity measure with this test product, the simple H292 cell line can predict outcomes in the more complex HGF and provide useful pre-clinical cytotoxicity screening data to inform the risk assessment of MOPs and the relative contribution of flavourings, nicotine and other components.

Wounds with embedded metal fragments are an unfortunate consequence of armed conflicts. link2 In many cases the exact identity of the metal(s) and their long-term health effects, especially on the kidney, are not known.

The aim of this study was to quantitate the urinary levels of metals solubilized from surgically implanted metal pellets and to assess the effect of these metals on the kidney using a battery of biomarker assays.

Using a rodent model system developed in our Institute to simulate embedded fragment injuries, eight metals considered likely components of an embedded fragment wound were individually implanted into the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. link3 The rats were followed for 12 months post-implantation with urine collected prior to surgery then at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-implantation to provide a within-subjects cohort for examination. Urinary metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and urinary biomarkers assessed using commercial fragment wounds.

This study showed that metal pellets surgically implanted into the leg muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats rapidly solubilized with significant levels of the implanted metal found in the urine. Although kidney biomarker results were inconsistent, the changes observed along with the relatively low amounts of metal implanted, suggest that metal-induced renal effects need to be considered when caring for individuals with embedded metal fragment wounds.The electronic cigarettes mimic combustible cigarettes through a heating technology that vaporizes a refill liquid consisting of solvents, flavors, and nicotine. E-cigarettes are sometimes still used as a support for smoking cessation, even if in 2019 an acute lung injury outbreak occurred in the USA, affecting mainly adolescents and young adults, and was correlated to eCigs. Therefore, due to the lack of a definite knowledge about the mechanism(s) of refill liquid toxicity and considering that previous investigations gave controversial results, the aim of the present study was the cytotoxicity assessment of different refill liquids on human endothelial cells, evaluated by means of two different in vitro approaches, i.e. the resazurin and the LDH release assays. Our results clearly demonstrated that different refill liquids (6 samples) display different levels of cytotoxicity in our cellular model, although their cytotoxicity was always lower than that observed for the condensate obtained from traditional cigarettes (3 samples). These results suggest that accurate evaluations should be provided for refill liquids, in particular to correlate their toxicity to their chemical composition, with the final aim of obtaining useful information for the agencies involved in the regulation of their components.The intensive application of pesticides without proper disposal management has led their excess residues to reach the neighbouring aquatic ecosystem and its inhabitants mainly fish. In natural water body pesticides get diluted, and therefore to study the silent toxic effect, a low dose of malathion (0.4 mg/L; 1/20th of 96-h LC50 value) for the different duration (1, 4, 8, 12 days) was evaluated through biochemical and histopathological biomarkers of the blood and hepatorenal tissues of Channa punctatus. With the increase in pesticide exposure periods, the biometric indices Condition Factor (K), HSI and KSI and hepatorenal tissues weight decreased. Among the biochemical alterations in malathion exposed fish, serum glucose levels reduced by 72.23 % while protein amounts increased by 29.03 % in 12 days malathion exposed fish. Other parameters, viz., cholesterol, albumin, and phosphorous, remained the same as control fish after malathion exposure. Though serum bilirubin (total and direct) followed a biphasic respure, and therefore utmost care should be taken to prevent their seepage into the water bodies.3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food processing contaminant in some infant formula products and other foods in the United States. Although rodent studies have demonstrated that 3-MCPD and its palmitic esters have the potential to induce nephrotoxicity, our recent human cell culture studies using the human renal proximal tubule cell line HK-2 have not strongly supported this finding. Considering this disparity, we sought to examine whether changes in transporter gene expression on proximal tubule cells could be modulated by these compounds and allow us to glean mechanistic information on a possible indirect path to proximal tubule injury in vivo. If fundamental processes like water and solute transport could be disrupted by 3-MCPD compounds, then a new avenue of toxicity could be further explored in both infant and adult models. In our current study, we used HK-2 cells as an in vitro cellular model of human proximal tubule cells to investigate the effects of low (10 μM) and high (100 μM) 3-MCPD compound exposures to these cells for 24 hours (h) on the expression of 20 transporter genes that are known to be relevant to proximal tubules. Although we detected consistent upregulation of AQP1 expression at the RNA transcript level following HK-2 treatment with both low and high doses of several ester-bound 3-MCPD compounds, these increases were not associated with statistically significant elevations in their protein expression levels. Moreover, we observed a lack of modulation of other members of the AQP protein family that are known to be expressed by human proximal tubule cells. Overall, our study suggests the possibility that 3-MCPD-related nephrotoxicity could be associated with indirect modes of action relating to aquaporin homeostasis, but additional studies with other human-derived models would be pertinent to further explore these findings and to better understand transporter expression differences under different stages of proximal tubule development.Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antimicrobial "pseudo-persistent" in aquatic ecosystems. Once dispersed in the water compartments, it can also affect the microalgae. Thus, the evaluation of its long-term ecotoxicological effects is necessary. CIP interactions with other pharmaceuticals are not well known. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of CIP alone and combined with caffeine (CAF), using the modified Gompertz model parameters and the chlorophyll-a production of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata as endpoints, throughout a 16-day exposure assay. The exposure to CIP alone led to significant reductions of the growth rate and the cell density of the microalgae compared to control groups. The combination with CAF lowered the adverse effects of CIP to R. subcapitata. However, as the toxicity is dynamic, our results indicated that the toxic effects in respect to the studied endpoints changed throughout the exposure period, reinforcing the need for longer-term ecotoxicity assessments.