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RA also reduced hepatocyte swelling, cell death, and infiltration of leukocytes in the liver of Con A-treated mice. Serum levels of cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were reduced by RA pretreatment, while the levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated. These protective effects were reversed by treatment with CC. RA treatment reduced the hepatic damage via the activation of AMPK in the mice of Con A-induced. So RA acts as a potential part in the therapy of autoimmune hepatitis.Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a common disease, with currently no available treatment. Galangin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Alpinia officinaruim Hance, has multiple effects demonstrated in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-fibrogenic effect of galangin in vitro, and research its potential molecular mechanisms. LX-2 cells were chosen as an in vitro HF model, and were treated with galangin in different concentrations. Cell viability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and the anti-fibrogenic effect of galangin was determined using RT-quantitative (q)PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The results show that the proliferation of LX-2 cells was efficiently inhibited by galangin, and apoptosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner. Both the mRNA and protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I were markedly downregulated. Galangin also inhibited the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The results of this study suggest that galangin has an anti-fibrogenic effect and may represent a promising agent in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.This paper describes a method based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology for rapid detection of dezocine in urine and serum. click here Firstly, an Ag colloid substrate was prepared and characterized. Then the Raman characteristic peaks of dezocine were assigned from both theoretical and experimental aspects. Finally, the Raman peak at 661 cm-1 was selected as its characteristic peak to perform SERS detection on dezocine in urine and serum, and the detection limits of dezocine in urine and serum were determined. The relationships between the characteristic peak intensity and the concentration of dezocine in urine and serum were fitted and the recovery rates were calculated. This rapid, accurate and non-destructive method establishes a good foundation for rapid on-site detection of dezocine in biological samples.Leisure dried tofu is a kind of small packaged food which is popular with consumers in China. However, during the storage of leisure dried tofu, moisture and fat may be lost and deteriorate. For their own benefit, bad business operators might forge or mark the production date and shelf life. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a method to determine simultaneously the moisture, fat content, and storage time of leisure dried tofu. Samples were measured for obtaining transverse relaxation data by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) spectrometer. The experimental data were analyzed and modeled by methods including partial least squares (PLS) or back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The results show that the models can be used to predict the moisture, fat content, and storage time rapidly, nondestructively, accurately, and simultaneously. Furthermore, in order to explore the changes of nutrients in leisure dried tofu with the storage time, the storage dynamics of moisture and fat was considered by a using corresponding calibration model.During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, an 81-year-old afebrile woman was transported to our institute at 44 minutes after she was found to have global aphasia and weakness of the right extremities. The onset time was unclear. CT showed an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery without early ischemic changes. MRI revealed a negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pattern, in which several small acute infarcts were seen in diffusion-weighted images with no corresponding hyperintensity lesions on FLAIR. Accordingly, intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (0.6 mg/kg, the dose approved in Japan) was administered at 1,660 minutes after the last known well and 116 minutes after the symptom recognition. An immediate internal carotid angiogram showed severe stenosis at the distal end of the horizontal portion of the left middle cerebral artery. In the follow-up angiogram at 164 minutes after the symptom recognition, the stenotic lesion almost resolved with the restoration of quick and nearly complete antegrade flow. Her symptoms also resolved promptly. Although the use of MRI is recommended to be minimized in the emergency stroke management during the COVID-19 pandemic, MRI is occasionally mandatory for patient selection, such as cases with unclear onset to perform intravenous thrombolysis. The individualized protected code stroke is essential and must be well considered by each institute for diagnosing patients by selecting appropriate modalities.A 75-year-old woman developed low back pain, weakness of the lower extremities, and urinary retention. On day 7 after the onset of symptoms, she was brought to the emergency department of our hospital by an ambulance because of progressive weakness of both lower extremities. Spine MRI showed longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion (LESCL) at the Th8-Th11 spinal cord level and flow voids around the lesions. Lumbar puncture revealed a normal opening pressure, yellowish appearance, pleocytosis with polymorphonuclear predominance, and decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels. Based on the rapidly progressing myelopathy, LESCL, and CSF findings, we initially diagnosed the patient with myelitis and administered acyclovir and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on day 7. Spine MRI with gadolinium-enhancement showed longitudinally extending flow voids of the thoracic cord, and digital subtraction arteriogram (DSA) revealed arteriovenous shunt on the dura with dilated and tortuous intradural veins. We finally diagnosed her with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF). Cases of SDAVF might be initially misdiagnosed as myelitis because of showing rapid progressive myelopathy, pleocytosis with polymorphonuclear predominance, and decreased CSF glucose levels. Lumbar puncture and steroid administration for the cases of SDAVF could aggravate the patient's neurological symptoms. Therefore, lumbar puncture and initiation of immunotherapy should be avoided until SDAVF is completely excluded in patients with suspected myelitis on spine MRI without gadolinium-enhancement, even if their neurological symptoms progress rapidly.Migraine is a common and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe throbbing headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting and photophobia/phonophobia. Because of its high prevalence, migraine causes a considerable financial burden on the society as well as impaired quality of life in individual patients. Scientific evidence shows that migraine is a quite complex neurological disorder that involves not only the trigeminovascular and autonomic systems but also the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was originally discovered as a 37-amino acid neuropeptide derived from a calcitonin gene splicing variant. CGRP is found to be expressed in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Much attention has been attracted to this molecule since CGRP was found to be released from trigeminal terminals in animal migraine models. Subsequent studies demonstrated that CGRP administration induced migraine-like headache attacks specifically in migraineurs, thus highlighting a pivotal role of CGRP in the development of migraine attacks. Several CGRP receptor antagonists were shown to be efficacious for the treatment of acute migraine. Among them, telcagepant, was shown to exert a significant migraine prophylactic action as well. Nevertheless, the development of most of these agents were discontinued due to hepatotoxicity. Currently, newer CGRP receptor antagonists are being developed. On the other hand, monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP and its receptor showed consistent efficacy for migraine prophylaxis with excellent safety profiles in Phase III clinical trials. Furthermore, emerging data support the long-term safety and efficacy of these antibodies. In this review article, the development and perspective of anti-migraine therapeutic strategies using CGRP-related antibodies are discussed.In elderly patients with so-called psychogenic physical symptoms, changes with age of the symptoms were discussed from the standpoint of geriatric psychiatry. In recent years, the diagnostic criteria for psychogenic physical symptoms have been revised and are closer to the definition of psychosomatic disorders. In aging, the aging phenomenon of each body organ progresses, and the brain is no exception. Clinical findings suggest that conventional physical and mental symptoms are alleviated as brain function declines in general. If dementia is added, the speed of relief will increase. In Japan, where super-aging is advancing, the need to focus on the positive aspects of aging is discussed.We report the case of a 66-year-old female with hemiplegia cruciata and severe facial pain due to infarction of the cervicomedullary junction. She presented to the hospital with complaints of acute-onset left facial pain and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed narrow left palpebral fissure, severe left facial pain and hypothermoesthesia, weakness predominantly in the left upper and right lower extremities, decreased pain and temperature sensation in the right lower extremity, decreased vibration sensation in the left lower extremity, hyperreflexia in the left upper extremity, and mild ataxia in the left upper and lower extremities. Brain MRI revealed a high-intensity lesion in the left cervicomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Hemiplegia cruciata due to the pyramidal tract injury at the cervicomedullary junction is an uncommon clinical manifestation. However, in patients with hemiplegia cruciata, identifying the lesion location may be difficult. Clinicians should consider the possibility of pyramidal decussation lesions. Anatomical differences, in the course of pyramidal tract fibers between the upper and lower limbs have been considered in the pyramidal decussation. Hemiplegia cruciata in this case was primarily caused by the impairment of the left upper limb pyramidal fibers after the pyramidal decussation and the right lower limb pyramidal fibers before the pyramidal decussation.A 50-year-old woman developed gait disturbances and dysarthria since the past 2 years. She also presented with dystonia and hypokinesia of her left lower limb, and orthostatic hypotension. The dopamine transporter SPECT with 123I ioflupane showed abnormal scans in bilateral striatum. Cerebral MRI revealed atrophy and signal changes in the medulla and spinal cord, from which Alexander disease (AxD) was suspected. Consequently, we checked the Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. The analysis of the gene detected a heterozygous c.219G>T mutation, which was the first mutation reported in Japan, and finally she was diagnosed with AxD. Dystonia is relatively rare in AxD patients, but this case demonstrated that AxD should be listed in the differential diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndromes with abnormalities of the medulla and spinal cord on MRI.