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or quit and almost two-fifths of ex-smokers indicated the prices would help them stay quit.
A better understanding is needed of the different phenotypes that exist for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), their relationship with the pathogenesis of COPD and how they may affect disease progression. Biomarkers, including those associated with emphysema, may assist in characterising patients and in predicting and monitoring the course of disease. The FOOTPRINTS study (study 352.2069) aims to identify biomarkers associated with emphysema, over a 3-year period.
The FOOTPRINTS study is a prospective, longitudinal, multinational (12 countries), multicentre (51 sites) biomarker study, which has enrolled a total of 463 ex-smokers, including subjects without airflow limitation (as defined by the 2015 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy report), patients with COPD across the GOLD stages 1-3 and patients with COPD and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. The study has an observational period lasting 156 weeks that includes seven site visits and additional phone interviews. Biomarkers in blood and sputum, imaging data (CT and magnetic resonance), clinical parameters, medical events of special interest and safety are being assessed at regular visits. Selleck Pluripotin Disease progression based on biomarker values and COPD phenotypes are being assessed using multivariate statistical prediction models.
The study protocol was approved by the authorities and ethics committees/institutional review boards of the respective institutions where applicable, which included study sites in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, Korea, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA; written informed consent has been obtained from all study participants. Ethics committee approval was obtained for all participating sites prior to enrolment of the study participants. The study results will be reported in peer-reviewed publications.
NCT02719184.
NCT02719184.
To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency of women of childbearing age in rural northern China.
A population-based, case-control study was conducted.
Four counties of Henan Province, China from 2009 to 2010.
1151 non-pregnant healthy women between 18 and 40 years old.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D ≥20 ng/mL and <30 ng/mL, deficiency as ≥10 ng/mL and <20 ng/mL, and severe deficiency as <10 ng/mL. SES was measured separately by women's and their husbands' education level and occupation, household income and expenditure, as well as aggregately by SES index constructed with principal component analysis.
The median serum 25(OH)D level was 20.90 (13.60-34.60) ng/mL, and the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency and severe deficiency was 20.16%, 31.80% and 15.99%, respectively.s associated with higher risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in women of childbearing age in rural northern China. More should be done to explore potential mechanisms and to narrow down SES inequalities in vitamin D status.
The aim of this study was to assess comorbidity patterns and functional impairment in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study; data collection occurred between 2016 and 2019.
A total of 8256 children and adolescents, 6-17 years of age, with suspected ADHD agreed to participate in this hospital-based cross-sectional study over a 4-year period in China. Comorbidities and social functions were assessed according to the scales Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form, which were completed by the parents of the study participants.
Of the 8256 children, 5640 were diagnosed with ADHD. Other 2616 children who did not meet the ADHD diagnostic criteria were classified as the N-ADHD group . The proportion of comorbidities (47.4%) and functional impairments (84.5%) in the ADHD group were higher than the N-ADHD group (p≤0.001). The functional impairment scores in all ess multiple comorbidities and functional impairments assessment, as well as core symptom analysis.
Situation Awareness For Everyone (SAFE) is a quality improvement programme aiming to improve situation awareness in paediatric clinical teams. The aim of our study was to examine hospital staff perceptions of the facilitators and barriers/challenges to the sustaining and subsequent spread of the huddle, the key intervention of the SAFE programme.
Interviews were held on two wards in two children hospitals and on two children wards in two district general hospitals.
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 staff members from four National Health Service paediatric wards. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted, drawing on an existing framework, which groups the factors influencing programme sustainability into four categories innovation, leadership, process and context.
23 staff in two children's hospitals and two children's wards across four UK hospitals, comprising of nurses and doctors, administration or housekeeping staff, ward managers and matrons, and allied professionals.
Understanat the planning stage of an innovation to maximise the potential for sustainability and spread to other settings.
Differences in immunisation policies have significantly reshaped the epidemiology of hepatitis A and B in the population. Assessment of the susceptibility and transmission potential of these two types of vaccine-preventable hepatitis would enhance the capacity of public health authorities for viral hepatitis elimination. Focusing on Hong Kong, the objectives of this study comprise the determination of the population-level seroprevalence of hepatitis A and B and an examination of the risk factors for virus transmission and the population impacts of vaccinations.
This is a cross-sectional household survey on hepatitis A and B. By using socially homogeneous building groups as sampling frame, eligible members of 1327 spatially selected households would be invited to complete a questionnaire and provide blood samples for serological testing (anti-hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface and core antibody). The main measures comprise a set of metrics on the prevalence of hepatitis A and B. Analysis would be conducted to examine the association of risk factors with the tested markers and describe the attitudes towards viral hepatitis vaccination.
Ethical approval from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee, and approval for laboratory safety from the Chinese University of Hong Kong have been obtained. The study results will be presented in scientific forums to update on the epidemiology of hepatitis A and B and inform the development of new vaccination strategies in Hong Kong.
NCT04371276.
NCT04371276.
Managing patients with multiple conditions (multimorbidity) is a major challenge for healthcare systems internationally, particularly in older patients. Multimorbidity and subsequent polypharmacy increase treatment burden and the risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing, and both are complex to manage in primary care. Limited evidence suggests integration of pharmacists into general practice teams could improve medication management for patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Building on findings from a non-randomised, uncontrolled General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) feasibility study conducted in Irish primary care, the aim of this study is to conduct a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) of the GPP study, to assess feasibility, intervention impact, costs and appropriateness of continuing to a definitive cRCT.
This pilot cRCT will involve 8 general practitioner (GP) practices and 120 patients. Practices will identify and recruit patients aged ≥65 years, who are taking ≥10 regular meer-reviewed journals and be presented at national and international conferences.
ISRCTN Registry (https//doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18752158).
ISRCTN Registry (https//doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18752158).
To investigate the relationship between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and metabolic syndrome in the elderly population of China, and to determine the best critical value of TG/HDL-C in higher risk of metabolic syndrome in this population.
Cross-sectional study.
Our study was conducted in a community physical examination centre in Wuhan, China between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016.
The physical examination data from 1267 elderly people (aged over 65 years) in the community were analysed in this study. The average age of the study participants was 71.64±5.605 years.
Correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and metabolic syndrome; the optimum cut-off of the TG/HDL-C ratio for the prediction of metabolic syndrome.
The TG/HDL-C ratio showed a significant positive correlation with metabolic syndrome (r=0.420, p<0.001) in the elderly Chinese population. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the TG/HDL-C ratio was an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome (OR=3.07 (95% CI 2.402 to 3.924), p<0.001) after adjusting for blood pressure, blood glucose, age, sex and body mass index. The receiver operating characteristic curves of TG/HDL-C ratio and metabolic syndrome showed that in the elderly population, a TG/HDL-C ratio of 1.49 can be used as the critical value for a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. At this value, the specificity and sensitivity of the measure were optimal (80.8% and 72.4%, respectively).
In this study, we found a significant correlation between TG/HDL-C ratio and metabolic syndrome. And high TG/HDL ratio suggests a higher risk of metabolic syndrome among an elderly Chinese population.
In this study, we found a significant correlation between TG/HDL-C ratio and metabolic syndrome. And high TG/HDL ratio suggests a higher risk of metabolic syndrome among an elderly Chinese population.
To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention about early identification of work-related stress combined with feedback at consultation with a general practitioner (GP) on the number of self-reported sick leave days.
Randomised controlled trial. Prospective analyses of self-reported sick leave data collected between November 2015 and January 2017.
Seven primary healthcare centres in western Sweden.
The study included 271 employed, non-sick-listed patients aged 18-64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints. Of these, 132 patients were allocated to intervention and 139 patients to control.
The intervention group received a brief intervention about work-related stress, including training for GPs, screening of patients' work-related stress, feedback to patients on screening results and discussion of measures at GP consultation. The control group received treatment as usual.
The number of self-reported gross sick leave days and the number of self-reported net sick leave days, thereby also considering part-time sick leave.
