Kockhinson0006

In comparison to conventional ELISA-based sandwich immunoassays on microtiter plates, our microfluidic setup offers a 25-50-fold reduction of sample and reagent consumption with up to 50 technical replicates per sample. The enhanced sensitivity and throughput of this system open avenues for the development of automated detection of biomolecules at the nanoliter scale.We report the development of azoreductase-responsive prodrug, AP-N=N-Cy, in which the precursor compound AP, a readily available podophyllotoxin derivative, is linked with a NIR fluorophore (Cy) via a multifunctional azobenzene group. This type of azo-based prodrug can not only serve as an azoreductase-responsive NIR probe to real-time tracking of the drug delivery process, but also a delivery platform for anticancer compound (AdP). We have shown that the cleavage of multifunctional azobenzene group in AP-N=N-Cy was only occurred in the presence of azoreductase which specifically secrete in colon, resulting in the directly release of AdP through an in situ modification of a phenylamino group on the precursor AP. Moreover, the introduction of azobenzene group endows the prodrug with an unique fluorescence "off-on" property, and served as a switch to "turn on" the fluorescence of Cy as consequence of a self-elimination reaction while the breakage of azo bond. Such a prodrug can be administered orally, and exhibit high stability and low toxicity before arriving at colon. In view of the synchronism of drug release and fluorescence "turn on" process, the fluorescence imaging method was utilized to precise trace the drug delivery in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Distinguishingly, the biodistribution of AdP and Cy in various tissues were further precisely mapped at the molecular level using imaging mass spectrometry . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the in vivo real-time precise tracking of colon-specific drug releases and biodistribution was reported via a multimodal imaging method.The development of active, durable, and nonprecious electrocatalysts for hydrogen electrochemistry is highly desirable but challenging. In this work, we design and fabricate a novel interface catalyst of Ni and Co2N (Ni/Co2N) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The Ni/Co2N interfacial catalysts not only achieve a current density of -10.0 mA cm-2 with an overpotential of 16.2 mV for HER but also provide a HOR current density of 2.35 mA cm-2 at 0.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Furthermore, the electrode couple made of the Ni/Co2N interfacial catalysts requires only a cell voltage of 1.57 V to gain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting. Hybridizations in the three elements of Ni-3d, N-2p, and Co-3d result in charge transfer in the interfacial junction of the Ni and Co2N materials. Our density functional theory calculations show that both the interfacial N and Co sites of Ni/Co2N prefer to hydrogen adsorption in the hydrogen catalytic activities. This study provides a new approach for the construction of multifunctional catalysts for hydrogen electrochemistry.Conductive hydrogenated silicon carbide (SiCxH) is discovered as a promising hydrogenation material for tunnel oxide passivating contacts (TOPCon) solar cells. The proposed SiCxH layer enables a good passivation quality and features a good electrical conductivity, which eliminates the need of etching back of SiNxH and indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag deposition for metallization and reduces the number of process steps. The SiCxH is deposited by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) and the filament temperature (Tf) during deposition is systematically investigated. Via tuning the SiCxH layer, implied open-circuit voltages (iVoc) up to 742±0.5 mV and a contact resistivity (ρc) of 21.1±5.4 mΩ·cm2 is achieved using SiCxH on top of poly-Si(n)/SiOx/c-Si(n) stack at Tf of 2000℃. Electrochemical Capacitance-Voltage (ECV) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) measurements were conducted to investigate the passivation mechanism. Results show that the hydrogenation at the SiOx/c-Si(n) interface is responsible for the high passivation quality. To assess its validity, the TOPCon stack was incorporated as rear electron selective-contact in a proof-of-concept n-type solar cells featuring ITO/a-SiH(p)/a-SiH(i) as front hole selective-contact, which demonstrates a conversion efficiency up to 21.4%, a noticeable open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 724 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 80%.Improving the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials and avoiding the use of H2O2 are vital for biosecurity and public health. In this work, novel Co4S3/Co(OH)2 hybrid nanotubes (HNTs) for the first time were successfully synthesized through the control of Na2S treatment of Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10 precursor. On the basis of Kirkendall effect, acicular precursor was vulcanized to form Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs that possess great properties including favorable storage ability and ideal stability. By tailoring the composition and structure, Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs were found to have profound oxidase-like catalytic activities. When pH = 3 precursor was treated with 900 mg of Na2S, Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs exhibit superior performance. Owing to the outstanding oxidase-like activity, Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs can eliminate Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Bacillus without the help of H2O2. It turned out that the sterilization ability came from the superoxide anion radical generated by Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs. With Co4S3/Co(OH)2 HNTs, the intracellular reactive oxygen species level can be enhanced and the toxicity of H2O2 can be absolutely avoided. Overall, the synthesis of antibacterial nanomaterials is unparalleled and the results of this work would facilitate the utilization in medical science, new energy, and environmental catalysis.Interest in mobile chemical sensors is on the rise, but significant challenges have restricted widespread adoption into commercial devices. To be useful these sensors need to have a predictable response, easy calibration, and be integrable with existing technology, preferably fitting on a single chip. With respect to integration, the CMOS imager makes an attractive template for an optoelectronic sensing platform. Demand for smartphones with cameras has driven down the price and size of CMOS imagers over the past decade. The low cost and accessibility of these powerful tools motivated us to print chemical sensing elements directly on the surface of the photodiode array. These printed colorimetric microdroplets are composed of a nonvolatile solvent so they remain in a uniform and homogeneous solution phase, an ideal medium for chemical interactions and optical measurements. By imaging microdroplets on the CMOS imager surface we eliminated the need for lenses, dramatically scaling down the size of the sensing platform to a single chip. We believe the technique is generalizable to many colorimetric formulations, and as an example we detected gaseous ammonia with Cu(II). Limits of detection as low as 27 ppb and sensor-to-sensor variation of less than 10% across multiple printed arrays demonstrated the high sensitivity and repeatability of this approach. Sensors generated this way could share a single calibration, greatly reducing the complexity of incorporating chemical sensors into mobile devices. Additional testing showed the sensor can be reused and has good selectivity; sensitivity and dynamic range can be tuned by controlling droplet size.A new platform of functional hybrid materials from anionically charged high-aspect-ratio cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and a dendritic polyampholyte, Helux, is herein proposed. The polyampholytic character of Helux enabled facile and efficient nanoscale mixing with the CNFs, and the resulting composite mixtures of CNFs and Helux displayed thixotropic behavior and formed physical and reversibly cross-linked gels when left unperturbed for short spans of time. Selleckchem Heptadecanoic acid The gel could be chemically cross-linked into self-supporting solid hydrogels containing impressive water contents of 99.6% and a storage modulus of 1.8 kPa by thermal activation. Non-cross-linked mixtures of CNF/Helux were assembled into composites, such as films by solvent casting and aerogels with densities as low as 4 kg/m3 by lyophilizing ice-templated CNF/Helux mixtures. The resulting materials exhibited excellent wet stability due to the heat-activated cross-linking and were readily available for postfunctionalization via amidation chemistry using Helux-accessible amines in aqueous conditions. The mechanical performance of the films was not jeopardized by the addition of Helux. Additionally, by varying the amount of Helux, the compressive elastic modulus of aerogels was tunable in both the non-cross-linked and cross-linked states. The fast and efficient nanoscale mixing of anionic CNFs and a polymer containing cationic groups is unique, novel, and promising as a functional material platform. Sustainable CNFs guided by heterofunctional dendritic polyampholytes are envisaged to act as a pillar toward high-performance applications, including biomedicine and biomaterials.Nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy has aroused intense interest in recent years. l-Arginine (l-Arg) reacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells to generate NO. This phenomenon represents an effective method for tumor therapy. However, endogenous ROS levels in most types of tumor cells cannot enable an effective reaction. β-Lapachone is generally used to increase H2O2, which can oxidize guanidine derivatives to form nitric oxide in tumor cells. In addition, based on the ferrocene (Fc)-catalyzed Fenton reaction, ·OH is generated from H2O2, and the ONOO- could be generated from an interaction between ·O2- (generated through the Haber-Weiss reaction) and NO. Arg-rich poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-b-PArg, a macromolecular NO donor, was accurately synthesized to avoid premature l-Arg leakage during in vivo transport. In this design, the self-assembled PCL-b-PArg nanoparticles were dressed with the tumor-shreddable masking (PEG-b-PDMA, a negatively charged pH-sensitive hydrophilic diblock polymer), to prepare P-lapa-Fc nanoparticles and hide penetrative capability in the circulation. The experimental results confirmed that this synergistic therapy based on ROS and NO had a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells, thereby providing new inspiration for NO gas treatment.Continued scaling of electronic devices shows the need to incorporate high mobility alternatives to silicon, the cornerstone of the semiconductor industry, into modern field effect transistor (FET) devices. Germanium is well-poised to serve as the channel material in FET devices as it boasts an electron and hole mobility more than twice and four times that of Si, respectively. However, its unstable native oxide makes its passivation a crucial step toward its potential integration into future FETs. The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) predicts continued aggressive scaling not only of the device size but also of the pitch in nanowire arrays. The development of a vapor-phase chemical passivation technique will be required to prevent the collapse of these structures that can occur because of the surface tension and capillary forces that are experienced when tight-pitched nanowire arrays are processed via liquid-phase chemistry. Reported here is a vapor-phase process using hexanethiol for the passivation of planar Ge(100) substrates.