Robersonovergaard3728

Experiments on yeast cells that are hosts to a killer virus confirm that natural selection can sometimes reduce fitness.

Sleep characteristics are known to be different according to age and sex. Selleck Oxidopamine The objective of this study was to investigate differences in sleep parameters and quantitative electroencephalography of patients with insomnia according to age and sex.

Patients with insomnia disorder ages 40-79 years were recruited. Each participant was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 4-day wrist actigraphy, and quantitative electroencephalography derived from a 64-channel electroencephalogram system. These variables were compared between age groups (40-64 years vs 65-79 years) and sexes.

Among 173 participants, 61 (35%) were ages 65-79 years and 64 (35%) were males. The older group reported shorter (P = .009) total sleep time than the middle-aged group based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while women slept longer than men based on actigraphy (P = .040). Regarding electroencephalography, women had higher relative beta power than men (P = .006). Older patients showed slower dominant occipital frequency than younger patients (P = .008). The age effect was more noticeable on both clinical variables and quantitative electroencephalography for women. Compared with younger women, older women reported shorter total sleep time in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (P = .025), underestimated their sleep time (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total sleep time/actigraphic total sleep time, P = .034), and showed reduced alpha power in the frontal area (P = .009).

Clinicians should be aware of the age and sex difference on manifestation of insomnia, which may further impact an individual's behaviors, such as staying in bed for a longer time or seeking sleep aids.

Clinicians should be aware of the age and sex difference on manifestation of insomnia, which may further impact an individual's behaviors, such as staying in bed for a longer time or seeking sleep aids.

Changes to sleep architecture that occur as a result of the normal aging process may also exacerbate insomnia in older individuals. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of lemborexant compared with placebo and zolpidem tartrate extended release on objective sleep architecture parameters, as measured by polysomnography, in older adults (ages ≥ 55 years) with insomnia disorder from a phase 3 study.

Study E2006-G000-304 (SUNRISE 1; NCT02783729) was a global, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active comparator (zolpidem)-controlled, parallel-group study comparing 2 dose levels of lemborexant (5 mg and 10 mg). Sleep architecture was measured using polysomnography. Assessments were collected at baseline during a single-blind placebo run-in and during the first 2 nights and last 2 nights of treatment. Mean values for each sleep stage were based on the 2 consecutive polysomnograms.

Treatment with lemborexant resulted in significantly greater increases from baseline in total sleep time compared with both placebo and zolpidem. Significant increases from baseline in rapid eye movement sleep and significant decreases from baseline in latency to rapid eye movement sleep were also observed with lemborexant compared with placebo and zolpidem.

These findings suggest that treatment with lemborexant may address some of the alterations in sleep architecture normally observed in older individuals with insomnia.

Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; Name Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lemborexant in Subjects 55 Years and Older With Insomnia Disorder (SUNRISE 1); URL https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02783729; Identifier NCT02783729.

Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; Name Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lemborexant in Subjects 55 Years and Older With Insomnia Disorder (SUNRISE 1); URL https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02783729; Identifier NCT02783729.

To assess changes in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Consecutive patients attending the Alfred Health sleep clinic, diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, and prescribed CPAP were recruited. The primary outcome was a change in the HADS depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A) subscales from the time of diagnosis to follow-up. Secondary analysis compared high (> 4 hours) and low (< 4 hours) CPAP adherence groups and change in depression cases, defined by HADS-D ≥ 8, and anxiety cases, defined by HADS-A ≥ 11.

We included 108 participants in the final analysis. Adherence groups were well matched in baseline mood, sleepiness, and apnea variables. Overall age (mean ± standard deviation) was 56.1 ± 12.8 years, and there was a median (interquartile ratio) apnea-hypopnea-index of 42.7 (27.5-58.1) or median (interquartile ratio) oxygen-desaturation-index of 43.0 (26.0-74.0). The median duration of CPAP therapy was 1.3 years. The HADS-D decreased after CPAP by -1.4 (adjusted 95% confidence interval, -2.1 to -0.6; P = .001). Patients with high-CPAP adherence (n = 84) had a tendency towards a greater reduction in HADS-D (-1.5) compared with those with low-CPAP adherence (n = 24; -0.3; adjusted P = .19). Depression cases (HADS-D ≥ 8) decreased by 13.1% in the high-CPAP-adherence group (P = .03) and increased by 4.1% in the low-CPAP-adherence group (P = .71). The HADS-A decreased after CPAP by -1.8 (adjusted 95% confidence interval, -1.8 to -0.4; P = .004). There was no significant difference between adherence groups or anxiety cases (HADS-A > 11).

Specialized obstructive sleep apnea treatment with CPAP reduces depression scores, with a trend toward greater reduction in those with high CPAP adherence.

Specialized obstructive sleep apnea treatment with CPAP reduces depression scores, with a trend toward greater reduction in those with high CPAP adherence.

To assess the diagnostic performance of a nonintrusive device placed under the mattress to detect sleep apnea syndrome.

One hundred eighteen patients suspected to have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome completed a night at a sleep clinic with a simultaneous polysomnography (PSG) and recording with the Withings Sleep Analyzers. PSG nights were scored twice first as simple polygraphy, then as PSG.

Average (standard deviation) apnea-hypopnea index from PSG was 31.2 events/h (25.0) and 32.8 events/h (29.9) according to the Withings Sleep Analyzers. The mean absolute error was 9.5 events/h. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at thresholds of apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h were, respectively, sensitivity (Se)

= 88.0%, specificity (Sp)

= 88.6%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)

= 0.926. At the threshold of apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 30 events/h, results included Se

= 86.0%, Sp

= 91.2%, AUROC

= 0.954. The average total sleep time from PSG and the Withings Sleep Analyzers was 366.