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Substance use disorder (SUD) is a global concern. Evidence from high-income countries suggests that SUD training for psychiatry residents is less than optimal but it is unknown whether the situation is different in low-/middle-income settings. Bioactive Compound Library purchase This study assessed psychiatry residents' perception of their SUD training.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general psychiatry residents in Nigeria from November 2018 to May 2019. Data were collected through self-completion of an English-language questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions administered face-to-face and online.

A total of 51 participants completed the questionnaire, mean age 33.6 years and 76.5% men. Most participants (70.6%) expressed interest in addiction psychiatry, and 47.1% perceived their SUD training as inadequate. When asked to rate satisfaction with the SUD training they have received so far, 52.9% were unsatisfied, and the absence of in-house SUD training (29.4%) was the leading cause of dissatisfaction. For those who were satisfied, the most common reasons were availability of SUD training and treatment-related factors (31.4%). The most frequent suggestions for making addiction psychiatry subspecialty attractive to psychiatry residents were provision of SUD treatment units, structured SUD training, and continuity of such training. Equipping existing SUD treatment units and creating more treatment units were the most common suggestions for improving current SUD training.

This study demonstrated a high level of interest in addiction psychiatry, but satisfaction with SUD training was mixed. Addressing causes of dissatisfaction and areas suggested for improvement would be necessary to sustain interest.

This study demonstrated a high level of interest in addiction psychiatry, but satisfaction with SUD training was mixed. Addressing causes of dissatisfaction and areas suggested for improvement would be necessary to sustain interest.

The authors explore attitudes that first and final year medical students have toward self-harm, and examine how the curriculum may influence the development of these attitudes.

Six focus groups, involving a total of 21 medical students, were used to explore the objectives. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyze the data through iterative development of a coding framework and identification of themes.

Medical students demonstrated simultaneously positive and negative attitudes. Students reported minimal exposure to self-harm through the formal curriculum and being exposed to negative attitudes exhibited by healthcare professionals through the informal curriculum. Students felt that self-harm was not as important as other subjects competing for their attention in their curriculum. Many students were discouraged by healthcare staff from seeing people who self-harm, in particular on psychiatry placements. The hidden curriculum may be encouraging negative attitudes toward people who self-harm; students learn that self-harm is "not important."

Findings from this study identify how the curriculum might influence the development of negative attitudes toward self-harm. Students would benefit from being encouraged to interact with people who self-harm and then having the opportunity to discuss the emotions these interactions create.

Findings from this study identify how the curriculum might influence the development of negative attitudes toward self-harm. Students would benefit from being encouraged to interact with people who self-harm and then having the opportunity to discuss the emotions these interactions create.Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this study, we probed into the role and potential mechanisms of the antisense of IGF2R non-protein coding RNA (LncRNA AIRN) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we corroborated that LncRNA AIRN expression was raised in the HCC tissues and cells. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that a potential interaction between LncRNA AIRN and STAT1, which was verified by the RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation. In the cycloheximide-chase assay, the knockdown of LncRNA AIRN enhanced the stability of STAT1 protein. In the immunoprecipitation assay, the knockdown of LncRNA AIRN restrained the cullin 4A (CUL4A)-mediated ubiquitination of STAT1 protein. The cell transfection, MTT and flow cytometry assays expounded that the LncRNA AIRN/STAT1 axis was bound up with the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells. The in vivo experiments corroborated that the knockdown of LncRNA AIRN restrained the tumor growth of HCC. Our data expounded that the knockdown of LncRNA AIRN restrained HCC cell proliferation and boosted cell apoptosis by restraining the CUL4A-mediated ubiquitination of STAT1 protein.

Adjuvant immunotherapy is a new treatment paradigm for adults with resected stage 3 melanoma. However, therapy can lead to long-term adverse health impacts, making immunotherapy decisions difficult. This study aimed to explore patients and their partners' views when considering whether to commence adjuvant immunotherapy.

Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted among adults with resected stage 3 melanoma and their partners between August 2019 and April 2020. Factors important to adjuvant immunotherapy decision making were explored. Recruitment continued until data saturation, with thematic analysis performed.

Thirty-six participants were recruited across two cohorts, including 24 patients (mean age 65 years, 71% male), and 12 partners (mean age 69 years, 75% female). Twenty-two patients (92%) received adjuvant immunotherapy, two (8%) declined. Five patients (21%) ceased treatment early because of toxicity. Five themes about adjuvant immunotherapy were common to all participants (1) life and death; (2) perceived risks and benefits; (3) seeking information; (4) healthcare team relationship; and (5) immunotherapy treatment considerations. Prolonging life was the primary consideration, with secondary concerns about treatment burden, timing, costs and efficacy.

This information can be used by clinicians to support melanoma treatment decision making.

This information can be used by clinicians to support melanoma treatment decision making.