Torrescarrillo2590

tory-related myenteric ganglia remodeling processes involving nitrergic transmission. © 2020 Bistoletti et al.The effects of anthropogenic modification of air space on wildlife, particularly volant species, is not fully understood. Thus, it is essential to understand wildlife-interactions with tall structures to implement effective mitigation strategies. Yet, we are currently lacking standard protocols for visual surveys of wildlife behavior at such heights. Our study sought to determine an effective, repeatable method using readily available night vision and thermal technology to survey wildlife at tall structures. selleck compound Using bats as the taxonomic group of interest, we (1) created a key to identify bats and their behavior, (2) compared the effectiveness of 2 different technologies, and (3) assessed optimal equipment placement to visually capture bat activity and behavior in proximity to wind turbine towers. For the latter, we tested thermal cameras at four distances from the base of the tower. The results of our study revealed that thermal cameras captured ∼34% more flying animals than night vision at a 2 m distance. Howthereby more effectively informing any mitigation strategies that may be required. ©2020 Huzzen et al.Natural population recovery of Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis and their hybrid, Acropora prolifera, have fluctuated significantly after their Caribbean-wide, disease-induced mass mortality in the early 1980s. Even though significant recovery has been observed in a few localities, recurrent disease outbreaks, bleaching, storm damage, local environmental deterioration, algae smothering, predation, low sexual recruitment and low survivorship have affected the expected, quick recovery of these weedy species. In this study, the status of three recovering populations of A. cervicornis and two of A. prolifera were assessed over one year using coral growth and mortality metrics, and changes in their associated algae and fish/invertebrate communities in three localities in the La Parguera Natural Reserve (LPNR), southwest coast of Puerto Rico. Five branches were tagged in each of 29, medium size (1-2 m in diameter) A. cervicornis and 18 A. prolifera colonies in the Media Luna, Mario and San Cristobal reefs off LPNR.ality side often by increasing frequency of high thermal anomalies, inducing bleaching and disease outbreaks and other factors, which have historically impacted the natural recovery of these taxa in the La Parguera Natural Reserve in Puerto Rico and possibly other areas in the region. Overall, results indicate variability in both growth and mortality rates in both taxa across localities and seasons, with A. cervicornis showing overall higher mortalities compared to A. prolifera. ©2020 Weil et al.Caribbean populations of the long-spined black sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi were decimated by a disease-induced mass mortality in the early 1980's. The present study provides an updated status of the D. antillarum recovery and population characteristics in La Parguera Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico. The last detailed study to assess population recovery in 2001, indicated a slow, and modest recovery, albeit densities remained far below pre-mass mortality levels. Population densities were assessed along three depth intervals in six reef localities and one depth in three lagoonal sea-grass mounds using ten 20 m2 (10 × 2 m) belt-transects at each depth interval. Most of these were previously surveyed in 2001. All individuals encountered along the belt transects were sized in situ with calipers and rulers to characterize the size (age) structure of each population and get insight into the urchin's population dynamics and differences across localities in the area. Habitat complexity (rugosity) was assessed rizontal movement of individuals along the complex, shallower reef and inshore habitats could also explain the general decline in mean densities. Other extrinsic factors affecting reproductive output and/or succesful recruitment and survival of juveniles likely contribute to the high variablility in population densities observed over time. ©2020 Tuohy et al.Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) represents a major public health issue due to its high incidence and mortality. As different histological subtypes of COAD are related to various survival outcomes and different therapies, finding specific targets and treatments for different subtypes is one of the major demands of individual disease therapy. Interestingly, as these different subtypes show distinct metabolic profiles, it may be possible to find specific targets related to histological typing by targeting COAD metabolism. In this study, the differential expression patterns of metabolism-related genes between COAD (n = 289) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 41) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to further identify metabolism-related gene connections. To determine the critical genes related to COAD metabolism, we obtained 2,114 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12 modules. Among them, we found the hub module to be significantly associated with histological typing, including non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma and mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. Combining survival analysis, we identified glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) as the most significant gene associated with histological typing and prognosis. This gene displayed significantly lower expression in COAD compared with normal tissues and was significantly correlated with the prognosis of non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0017). Taken together, our study showed that GDE1 exhibits considerable potential as a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. ©2020 Shen et al.Background Desmoglein-2 (DSG2), a desmosomal adhesion molecule, is found to be closely related to tumorigenesis in recent years. However, the clinical value of DSG2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression of DSG2 in 40 paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine datasets were also downloaded and analyzed. The correlation between DSG2 and clinicopathological features was investigated. The expression of DSG2 protein by immunohistochemical was also detected from tissue microarray and the Human Protein Atlas database. Integrated meta-analysis combining the three sources (qRT-PCR data, TCGA data and Oncomine datasets) was performed to evaluate the clinical value of DSG2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the prognostic value of DSG2. Then, co-expressed genes were cal9-0.76]) and 0.96 (95% CI [0.89-0.98]). The area under the curve based on summarized receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.79 (95% CI [0.75-0.82]). Survival analysis revealed that high DSG2 expression was associated with a short overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.638; 95% CI [1.214-2.209], p = 0.001) and poor progression-free survival (HR = 1.475; 95% CI [1.102-1.974], p  less then  0.001). A total of 215 co-expressed genes were identified. According to GO and KEGG analyses, these co-expressed genes may be involved in "cell division", "cytosol", "ATP binding" and "cell cycle". Based on GEPIA database, seven of the top ten co-expressed genes were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (DSC2, SLC2A1, ARNTL2, ERO1L, ECT2, ANLN and LAMC2). High expression of these genes had shorter overall survival. Conclusions The expression of DSG2 is related to the tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Also, DSG2 predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. ©2020 Sun et al.Background We aimed to use competing risk model to assess whether very early onset pancreatic cancer (VEOPC ) (79 years). There was no significant prognostic difference between VEOPC and each older group in resectablePDAC. Our competing nomogram showed well discrimination and calibration by internal validation. Conclusion For unresectable PDAC patients, VEOPC had better CSS than older patients. Our competing risk nomogram might be an easy-to-use tool for the specific death prediction of VEOPC patients with PDAC. ©2020 Dai et al.Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-highest cause of malignancy-related death worldwide, and many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-193a-3p is an anti-oncogene that plays an important part in health and disease biology by interacting with specific targets and signals. Methods In vitro assays were performed to explore the influences of miR-193a-3p on the propagation and apoptosis of HCC cells. The sequencing data for HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the expression levels of miR-193a-3p in HCC and non-HCC tissues were calculated. The differential expression of miR-193a-3p in HCC was presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in Stata SE. The impact of miR-193a-3p on the prognoses of HCC patients was determined by survival analysis. The potential targets of miR-193a-3p were then predicted using miRWalk 2.0 and subjected to enrichment analyses, including Gene OnHCC tissues (R =  - 0.154, P = 0.002). Conclusion miR-193a-3p could suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis by targeting CCND1 in HCC cells. Further, miR-193a-3p can be used as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in the future. ©2020 Wang et al.Background Fast and effective treatment of hemorrhagic shock is one of the most important preclinical trauma care tasks e.g., in combat casualties in avoiding severe end-organ damage or death. In scenarios without immediate availability of blood products, alternate regimens of fluid resuscitation represent the only possibility of maintaining sufficient circulation and regaining adequate end-organ oxygen supply. However, the fluid choice alone may affect the extent of the bleeding by interfering with coagulation pathways. This study investigates the impact of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), gelatine-polysuccinate (GP) and balanced electrolyte solution (BES) as commonly used agents for fluid resuscitation on coagulation using a porcine hemorrhagic shock model. Methods Following approval by the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, life-threatening hemorrhagic shock was induced via arterial blood withdrawal in 24 anesthetized pigs. Isovolumetric fluid resuscitation with either HES, GP or BES (n = 3 × 8) was unced hemodilution. Our comparison of porcine and human coagulation showed increased coagulation activity in pig blood. ©2020 Ziebart et al.Kinetoplastids rely heavily on post-transcriptional mechanisms for control of gene expression, and on RNA-binding proteins that regulate mRNA splicing, translation and decay. Trypanosoma brucei ERBP1 (Tb927.10.14150) and ERBP2 (Tb927.9.9550) were previously identified as mRNA binding proteins that lack canonical RNA-binding domains. We show here that ERBP1 is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, like ERBP2, and that the two proteins interact in vivo. Loss of ERBP1 from bloodstream-form T. brucei initially resulted in a growth defect but proliferation was restored after more prolonged cultivation. Pull-down analysis of tagged ERBP1 suggests that it preferentially binds to ribosomal protein mRNAs. The ERBP1 sequence resembles that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bfr1, which also localises to the endoplasmic reticulum and binds to ribosomal protein mRNAs. However, unlike Bfr1, ERBP1 does not bind to mRNAs encoding secreted proteins, and it is also not recruited to stress granules after starvation. ©2020 Bajak et al.