Adlerismail6103

The antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) may be involved in the response to radiation-induced oxidative stress and possibly prevent cell apoptosis. The correlation of PON1 with the risk of cancer recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) is not yet explored. We investigated changes in the activity of PON1 in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing RT, and the relation of PON1 activity to the risk of recurrence after RT. We included 56 men with PCa. Blood samples were obtained before irradiation and after the completion of RT. Patients were followed for an average of 51.2 months. Each case of biochemical recurrence was confirmed with biopsy. The control group was composed of 60 healthy men. There was no significant difference in PON1 activity between the control group and patients pre-radiotherapy. Irradiation was associated with a significant decrease in PON1 activity. Patients with PCa recurrence had significantly higher serum PON1 activity than those recurrence-free, both before and after RT. PON1 activity was a predictor of PCa recurrence, with sensitivity over 80% and specificity over 64%. Our results suggest that PON1 activity may be a predictor of PCa recurrence risk after RT. Studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are needed to confirm this hypothesis.Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) can cause diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in piglets, which is closely related to intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis caused by TGEV infection. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A, which has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, it is unknown whether ATRA can attenuate TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of ATRA on TGEV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells and explored the potential molecular mechanism. Our results indicated that TGEV infection caused IPEC-J2 cells damage and apoptosis. However, ATRA treatment attenuated TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage by upregulating the mRNA expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Mucin-1. ATRA treatment also attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells by downregulating the expression of Caspase-3, which is related to the inhibition of death receptor (Fas and Caspase-8) and mitochondrial (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) pathways. Moreover, ATRA treatment prevented TGEV-induced ROS and MDA production and the upregulation of P38MAPK phosphorylation level, which is related to the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) and the mRNA abundance of antioxidant-related genes (GPX1, GPX2, SOD1, CAT, GCLC, and GCLM). In addition, treatment of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells with the ROS inhibitors (NAC) significantly reduced the protein levels of p-P38MAPK, Fas, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells. Our results indicated that ATRA attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells via improving the antioxidant capacity, thereby inhibiting the cell damage. the mechanism of which is associated with the inhibition of ROS-mediated P38MAPK signaling pathway.Bovine embryos are typically cultured at reduced oxygen tension to lower the impact of oxidative stress on embryo development. However, oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is performed at atmospheric oxygen tension since low oxygen during maturation has a negative impact on oocyte developmental competence. Lycopene, a carotenoid, acts as a powerful antioxidant and may protect the oocyte against oxidative stress during maturation at atmospheric oxygen conditions. Here, we assessed the effect of adding 0.2 μM lycopene (antioxidant), 5 μM menadione (pro-oxidant), and their combination on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in matured oocytes and the subsequent development, quality, and transcriptome of the blastocysts in a bovine in vitro model. ROS fluorescent intensity in matured oocytes was significantly lower in the lycopene group, and the resulting embryos showed a significantly higher blastocyst rate on day 8 and a lower apoptotic cell ratio than all other groups. Transcriptomic analysis disclosed a total of 296 differentially expressed genes (Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted p less then 0.05 and ≥ 1-log2-fold change) between the lycopene and control groups, where pathways associated with cellular function, metabolism, DNA repair, and anti-apoptosis were upregulated in the lycopene group. Lycopene supplementation to serum-free maturation medium neutralized excess ROS during maturation, enhanced blastocyst development and quality, and modulated the transcriptomic landscape.Secondary metabolites derived from hydroquinone are quite rare in nature despite the original simplicity of its structure, especially when compared to other derivatives with which it shares biosynthetic pathways. However, its presence in a prenylated form is somewhat relevant, especially in the marine environment, where it is found in different algae and invertebrates. Sometimes, more complex molecules have also been identified, as in the case of polycyclic diterpenes, such as those possessing an abietane skeleton. In every case, the presence of the dihydroxy group in the para position gives them antioxidant capacity, through its transformation into para-quinones.This review focuses on natural hydroquinones with antioxidant properties referenced in the last fifteen years. This activity, which has been generally demonstrated in vitro, should lead to relevant pharmacological properties, through its interaction with enzymes, transcription factors and other proteins, which may be particularly relevant for the prevention of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, or also in cancer and metabolic or immune diseases. As a conclusion, this review has updated the pharmacological potential of hydroquinone derivatives, despite the fact that only a small number of molecules are known as active principles in established medicinal plants. The highlights of the present review are as follows (a) sesquiterpenoid zonarol and analogs, whose activity is based on the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, have a neuroprotective effect; (b) the research on pestalotioquinol and analogs (aromatic ene-ynes) in the pharmacology of atherosclerosis is of great value, due to their agonistic interaction with LXRα; and (c) prenylhydroquinones with a selective effect on tyrosine nitration or protein carbonylation may be of interest in the control of post-translational protein modifications, which usually appear in chronic inflammatory diseases.In order to maintain a state of well-being, the cell needs a functional control center that allows it to respond to changes in the internal and surrounding environments and, at the same time, carry out the necessary metabolic functions. In this review, we identify the mitochondrion as such an "agora", in which three main messengers are able to collaborate and activate adaptive response mechanisms. Such response generators, which we have identified as H2O2, Ca2+, and Zn2+, are capable of "reading" the environment and talking to each other in cooperation with the mitochondrion. In this manner, these messengers exchange information and generate a holistic response of the whole cell, dependent on its functional state. In this review, to corroborate this claim, we analyzed the role these actors, which in the review we call "sensors", play in the regulation of skeletal muscle contractile capacities chosen as a model of crosstalk between Ca2+, Zn2+, and H2O2.Despite the initial success in treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa) using surgery, radiation or hormonal therapy, recurrence of aggressive tumors dictates morbidity and mortality. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is being tested as a targeted, noninvasive approach to eliminate the localized PCa foci, and strategies to enhance the anticancer potential of FUS have a high translational value. Since aggressive cancer cells utilize oxidative stress (Ox-stress) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) pathways for their survival and recurrence, we hypothesized that pre-treatment with drugs that disrupt stress-signaling pathways in tumor cells may increase FUS efficacy. Using four different PCa cell lines, i.e., LNCaP, C4-2B, 22Rv1 and DU145, we tested the in vitro effects of FUS, alone and in combination with two clinically tested drugs that increase Ox-stress (i.e., CDDO-me) or ER-stress (i.e., nelfinavir). As compared to standalone FUS, significant (p less then 0.05) suppressions in both survival and recurrence of PCa cells were observed following pre-sensitization with low-dose CDDO-me (100 nM) and/or nelfinavir (2 µM). In drug pre-sensitized cells, significant anticancer effects were evident at a FUS intensity of as low as 0.7 kW/cm2. This combined mechanochemical disruption (MCD) approach decreased cell proliferation, migration and clonogenic ability and increased apoptosis/necrosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, although activated in cells that survived standalone FUS, pre-sensitization with CDDO-me and/or nelfinavir suppressed both total and activated (phosphorylated) NF-κB and Akt protein levels. Thus, a combined MCD therapy may be a safe and effective approach towards the targeted elimination of aggressive PCa cells.Pterostilbene (PTS), a methylated analog of resveratrol (RSV), has recently attracted much attention due to its enhanced bioavailability compared to RSV. However, little is known about the radical-scavenging mechanism of PTS. In this study, we investigated the effect of Mg(ClO4)2 on the scavenging reaction of galvinoxyl radical (GO•) by PTS in acetonitrile (MeCN). GO• was used as a model for reactive oxygen radicals. The second-order rate constant (kH) for the GO•-scavenging reaction by PTS was more than threefold larger than that by RSV, although thermodynamic parameters, such as the relative O-H bond dissociation energies of the phenolic OH groups, ionization potentials, and HOMO energies calculated by the density functional theory are about the same between PTS and RSV. The oxidation peak potential of PTS determined by the cyclic voltammetry in MeCN (0.10 M Bu4NClO4) was also virtually the same as that of RSV. On the other hand, no effect of Mg (ClO4)2 on the kH values was observed for PTS, in contrast to the case for RSV. A kinetic isotope effect of 3.4 was observed when PTS was replaced by a deuterated PTS. These results suggest that a one-step hydrogen-atom transfer from PTS to GO• may be the rate-determining step in MeCN.In recent years, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has indisputably emerged as the predominant public health issue [...].The by-product of sesame seed coats from the tahini industry was used for the extraction of bioactive compounds as novel antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a natural antioxidant on the quality of refined olive oil (ROO) stored at 60 ± 1 °C for up to 48 days. The lyophilized sesame seed coats extract (LSSCE) was placed into fresh ROO at three levels, i.e., 200, 400, and 600 mg kg-1, and compared with 200 mg kg-1 BHT (reference) and without antioxidant (control). LSSCE exhibited high phenolic (105.9 mg GAE g-1) and lignin (6.3 mg g-1) contents as well as antioxidant activity based on HPLC/DAD. In ROO samples, Including LSSCE, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, K232, and K270 were remarkably lower than control during storage. The kinetic rate constant (k) of oxidation indicators was the lowest in ROO samples containing BHT and LSSCE 600 mg kg-1compared with other treatments. LSSCE improved the organoleptic acceptability of ROO samples up to 48 days of storage. compound library inhibitor Moreover, the shelf life (assuming a Q10 value of 2.