Gotfredsentate5769

BACKGROUND Nanoparticle causes soil pollution, which affected plant development and then resulted in biomass decreased, especially in crops. However, little is known how sodium nanoparticles affect wheat root development at plant physiological level. RESULTS We used NaBiF4 (size of 50-100 nm) to analyze the effect in wheat development at plant physiological level. Under exogenous application of 50 μM NaBiF4 for treatment, wheat root elongation was inhibited, but fresh weight and dry weight were increased. We also found that NaBiF4 induced that the plant had lower content of sodium than negative control. Used no-sodium nanoparticle of BiF3 for another negative control, it was also supported that NaBiF4 entered into cell to replace of sodium and exported sodium out of plant. These results implied NaBiF4 might induce sodium export to maintain the balance between sodium and potassium elements. Additionally, metabolism analysis demonstrated that SOD activity was increased, but CAT and POD activity reduced under exogenous treatment of NaBiF4 nanoparticles. CONCLUSIONS Sodium nanoparticles (NaBiF4) inhibited plant development by nanoparticle accumulation and sodium homeostasis broken, and then involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling system response. These results provided more sights of sodium nanoparticle effect in plant development.BACKGROUND Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders state that children suspected of having Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with Constipation (IBS-C) should be preliminarily treated for constipation. We aimed at verifying if functional constipation may indeed lead to an erroneous diagnosis of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) or IBS with mixed pattern of diarrhea and constipation (IBS-M). METHODS We prospectively enrolled in an unblinded fashion 10 and 16 consecutive children referred to our center who met Rome IV criteria for a diagnosis of IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively. Patients who fulfilled criteria for suspect "occult constipation" were then given a bowel cleaning regimen with Polyethylene glycol 3350, re-evaluated at 2 months and followed up for at least 6 months. Sixteen additional patients with IBS with Constipation (IBS-C) referred in the same period served as control. The endpoints were 1) a decrease of more than 50% in abdominal pain intensity and frequency scores; and 2) for patients with IBS-D and IBS-M resolution of diarrhea. RESULTS The endpoints were met by 8 (80%) and 14 (87%) of the patients with IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively, with decrease of abdominal pain and resolution of "diarrhea". The response was not significantly different from that observed in 15 (93%) of the IBS-C control group. CONCLUSION Acknowledging the limitations of the small number of patients and of the uncontrolled nature of the study, we suggest that a possibly large number of patients labeled as IBS-D or IBS-M may actually simply present functional constipation and should be managed as such.BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend a biopsychosocial framework for low back pain (LBP) management and the avoidance of inappropriate imaging. In clinical practice, care strategies are often inconsistent with evidence and guidelines, even though LBP is the most common disabling health condition worldwide. Unhelpful beliefs, attitudes and inappropriate imaging are common. LBP is understood to be a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon with many known multidimensional risk factors (symptom- and lifestyle-related, psychological and social) for persistent or prolonged disability, which should be identified and addressed by treatment. The STarT Back Tool (SBT) was developed for early identification of individual risk factors of LBP to enable targeted care. Stratified care according SBT has been shown to improve the effectiveness of care in a primary care setting. A biopsychosocially-oriented patient education booklet, which includes imaging guidelines and information, is one possible way to increase patients' understandi2, retrospectively registered 13/05/2019.BACKGROUND Electronic Health Records (EHR) has been increasingly used as a tool to monitor population health. However, subject-level errors in the records can yield biased estimates of health indicators. There is an urgent need for methods to estimate the prevalence of health indicators using large and real-time EHR while correcting the potential bias. METHODS We demonstrate joint analyses of EHR and a smaller gold-standard health survey. We first adopted Mosteller's method that pools two estimators, among which one is potentially biased. It only requires knowing the prevalence estimates from two data sources and their standard errors. Then, we adopted the method of Schenker et al., which uses multiple imputations of subject-level health outcomes that are missing for the subjects in EHR. This procedure requires information to link some subjects between two sources and modeling the mechanism of misclassification in EHR as well as modeling inclusion probabilities to both sources. RESULTS In a simulation study, both estimators yielded negligible bias even when EHR was biased. They performed as well as health survey estimator when EHR bias was large and better than health survey estimator when EHR bias was moderate. It may be challenging to model the misclassification mechanism in real data for the subject-level imputation estimator. We illustrated the methods analyzing six health indicators from 2013 to 14 NYC HANES and the 2013 NYC Macroscope, and a study that linked some subjects in both data sources. CONCLUSIONS When a small gold-standard health survey exists, it can serve as a safeguard against potential bias in EHR through the joint analysis of the two sources.BACKGROUND This study was performed to systematically evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in staging of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane Library database were searched from January 2008 to December 2018 for studies related to MRE in the diagnosis of NAFLD liver fibrosis. The quality of the included literature was assessed by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. The pooled sensitivity, the pooled specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value was performed by STATA 14.0 software. RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included, involving 910 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of each group were 0.77 (95%CI 0.69-0.83) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.83-0.94) for F ≥ 1 (mild liver fibrosis), 0.87 (95%CI 0.74-0.94) and 0.86 (95%CI 0.71-0.94) for F ≥ 2 (significant liver fibrosis), 0.89 (95%CI 0.81-0.94) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.63-0.94) for F ≥ 3(severe liver fibrosis), 0.94 (95%CI 0.85-0.98) and 0.75 (95%CI 0.35-0.94) for F ≥ 4 (early cirrhosis), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.89, 0.93, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MRE has high accuracy in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis staging in patients with NAFLD.BACKGROUND Aortic intramural hematoma is a life-threatening condition reported with increasing frequency. It can be classified into Stanford type A or B depending on whether the ascending or descending aorta are involved, respectively. However, the onset of acute type A aortic dissection following recovery of type B intramural haematoma is rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION We present an uncommon case of acute Stanford type A aortic dissection developing 3 months after recovery of type B IMH in a 47-year-old female. She complained acute chest pain. The operation was successfully done. She was in good condition and asymptomatic at a 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Type B intramural haematoma can lead to type A aortic dissection even after totally absorbed and the primary entry has the potential to be located in the ascending aorta. Unsatisfied blood pressure control may be the underlying cause.BACKGROUND Endoscopic placement of intestinal decompression tubes is a feasible technique for treatment of acute intestinal dilation. Given the heterogeneity of the underlying diseases leading to intestinal obstruction data on the significance of endoscopic procedures for treatment of these conditions are sparse. METHODS In the study period from 2008 to 2019 all patients receiving a decompression tube were identified by retrospective chart review and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 59 decompression tubes were placed in 50 patients. Technical success was achieved in 98% (58/59 tubes). As major complication one small bowel perforation occurred (1/59; 1.7%). Causes for impaired intestinal transit comprised tumor stenoses 22% (11/50), infections 18% (9/50), post-operative paralysis 14% (7/50), neurological diseases 8% (4/50), trauma 2% (1/50) and others 36% (18/50). Most patients (74%; 37/50) were critically ill and treated on intensive care unit. Treatment response after tube insertion was documented in 76% of patients (38/50) whereas 24% (12/50) did not fulfill response criteria. Patients with treatment response showed a significantly better outcome compared to non-responders. Responders had a median survival of 113 days (95% CI 41-186) compared to 15 days (95% CI 6-24) in non-responders (p = 0.002). Analysis of laboratory parameters after stratification in responders and non-responders to endoscopic therapy showed that non-responders had significantly higher levels of CRP and lower platelet count at baseline (CRP 262 mg/L (IQR 101-307) vs. 94 mg/L (IQR 26-153) p = 0.027; platelets 69 thsd/μL (IQR 33-161) vs. 199 thsd/μL (IQR 138-289) p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic decompression is a safe procedure for acute management of impaired intestinal transit even in critically ill patients. Response to therapy is associated with improved outcome and markers of inflammation and organ function such as CRP, platelet count and serum lactate have to be taken into account for therapy monitoring and evaluation of prognosis.BACKGROUND The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GOASIA) Workgroup was formed to study obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. We aimed to 1) compare the characteristics of elderly (i.e. age ≥ 60) vs. non-elderly patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); 2) identify predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with NAFLD; and 3) assess the performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in the prediction of advance fibrosis in the elderly population. METHODS We abstracted the data of 1008 patients with NAFLD from nine centers across eight countries. Characteristics of elderly and non-elderly patients with NAFLD were compared using 13 sex-matched analysis. RESULTS Of the 1008 patients, 175 were elderly [age 64 (62-67) years], who were matched with 525 non-elderly patients [46 (36-54) years]. NexturastatA Elderly patients were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (35.4% vs. 13.3%; p  less then  0.001). By multivariable analysis, factors associated with advanced fibrosis in elderly patients included female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-7.54] and hypertension (OR 3.68; 95%CI 1.11-12.23). The area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (95% CI) of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 index for predicting advanced fibrosis in elderly patients were 0.62 (0.52-0.72), 0.65 (0.55-0.75) and 0.64 (0.54-0.74) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of advanced fibrosis than non-elderly patients. Female and hypertension were predicting factors for advanced fibrosis in the elderly. Non-invasive fibrosis scores had a lower specificity in elderly.