Houmannblake3942

Residential energy demand can be greatly influenced by the types of housing structures that households live in, but few studies have assessed changes in the composition of housing stocks as a strategy for reducing residential energy demand or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper we examine the effects of three sequenced federal policies on the share of new housing construction by type in the U.S., and estimate the cumulative influence of those policies on the composition of the 2015 housing stock. In a counterfactual 2015 housing stock without the policy effects, 14 million housing units exist as multifamily rather than single-family, equal to 14.1% of urban housing. INCB054828 Accompanied by floor area reductions of 0-50%, the switch from single- to multifamily housing reduces energy demand by 27-47% per household, and total urban residential energy by 4.6-8.3%. This paper is the first to link federal policies to housing outcomes by type and estimate associated effects on residential energy and GHG emissions. Removing policy barriers and disincentives to multifamily housing can unlock a large potential for reducing residential energy demand and GHG emissions in the coming decades.Separation of uranium and cesium from low-level radioactive effluents (LLRE) is of great significance for sustainable development of the nuclear industry and for the environment. However, high salinity and massive coexisting ions of LLRE are giant challenges for the separation. To address the challenges, we report a strategy for efficient and simultaneous separation of uranium and cesium from a high-salt environment by dual ion-imprinted mesoporous silica based on multiple interactions. The as-prepared adsorbents can reach equilibrium for uranium and cesium within 1 h with a maximum capacity of 221.7 mg U g-1 and 34.5 mg Cs g-1. The sorption mechanism demonstrates that the highly active phenolic hydroxyl groups of imprinted cavities can extract uranium and cesium effectively through multiple interactions, including coulomb attraction, redox, ion exchange, and complexation. The synergism of multiple interactions and imprinted cavity endows the sorbent with good selectivity for uranium and cesium over other cations and with excellent salt tolerance. This work demonstrates a new strategy of selective extraction of nuclides by multifunction adsorbent through multiple interactions.Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) are a new class of nanomaterial with an extraordinary photoluminescent property. Here, three highly water-soluble and photoluminescent CNQDs are synthesized through a green and facile one-step hydrothermal approach, with urea as the nitrogen source and citric acid and its salts as carbon sources. The photoluminescence (PL) performance demonstrated that the fluorescence emission peak was altered by neither the structures nor the molar ratio of urea to the carbon source. Three highly luminescent CNQDs with a quantum yield of 40% were obtained when the molar ratio of urea to sodium citrate, citric acid, and ammonium citrate was 61, 181, and 181, which have average sizes of 4.1, 4.6, and 6.3 nm, respectively. Moreover, the possibility of using CNQDs as potential probes to determine the concentration of iron is also discussed. The results show that the as-prepared CNQDs has high selectivity for Fe3+ ions. The quenching mechanism of CNQDs by iron is connected with the nitrogen functional groups on the surface of CNQDs. Results showed valuable information about the effects of the carbon source on the PL efficiency, biocompatibility, and metal ion detection properties of CNQDs.Gastric cancer is a common digestive system malignancy. Surgical operation is the main treatment of radical treatment for gastric cancer. Pulmonary infection is a common postoperative complication of gastric cancer. Because there is no clear and unified definition of pulmonary complications, the current researches show that the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer is about 1.8%-18.1%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection will prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of hospitalization, and even develop into respiratory failure leading to early postoperative death. There are many factors affecting postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer, including age, smoking history, pulmonary function, pulmonary disease history, operation method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, gastric tube retention time, postoperative lying time and so on. There are also many perioperative interventions. This article reviews the risk factors and perioperative interventions of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer.Objective Anatomic variations in the perigastric vessels during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy often affect the operator's judgment and prolong the operation time, and even cause accidental injury and surgical complications, and hence the safety and quality of the operation cannot be ensured. In this study, multiple slice CT was reconstructed by 3-dimensional CT simulation software (3D-CT), and 3D-CT images were used to describe the variation of celiac trunk and splenic artery before surgery. The guiding role of the different variation of vessels was analyzed for laparoscopic total gastrectomy+D2 lymph node dissection (LTG+D2LD). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Case inclusion criteria (1) Gastric cancer was at an advanced stage. All the patients were preoperatively examined by digestive endoscopy and 64-row enhanced CT scan, and were histopathologically diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma. (2) 3D-CT simulation images were reconstructed to guide the operation. (3) LTG+D2LD surgery was pariation of celiac trunk, while the variation of splenic artery has no effect on LTG+D2LD.Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic double-flap technique (Kamikawa) in digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with the maximum diameter >5 cm. Methods A descriptive case-series study was used to retrospectively analyze the data of patients with EGJ leiomyoma and GIST undergoing laparoscopic-assisted proximal gastrectomy and double-flap technique (Kamikawa) at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to March 2019. All the tumors invaded the cardia dentate line, and the maximum diameter was >5 cm. After the exclusion of patients requiring emergency surgery and complicating with severe cardiopulmonary diseases, a total of 4 patients, including 3 males and 1 female with age of 29-49 years, were included in this study. After laparoscopic-assisted proximal gastrectomy, the residual stomach was pulled out s occurred in any of the 4 patients by gastroscopy. Conclusion For >5 cm EGJ leiomyoma or GIST, double-flap technique (Kamikawa) used for digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy is safe and feasible.Objective To investigate postoperative complications of patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical gastrectomy, and to analyze their influence on the prognosis. Methods A retrospective case-control study was used. Case inclusion criteria (1) gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed by histopathology; (2) preoperative imaging examination showed no distant metastasis or peritoneal dissemination; (3) undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy; (4) complete clinicopathological and follow-up data. According to the above criteria, clinical data of 490 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected, including 358 males and 132 females with mean age of (55.0±10.6) years. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens included SOX (S-1+ oxaliplatin, n=151), XELOX (capecitabine+oxaliplatin, n=155), FLOT (docetaxel+(HR=1.657, 95% CI 1.216-2.257, P=0.001) and postoperative complications (HR=1.614, 95% CI 1.125-2.315, P=0.009) were independent risk factors for prognosis, and postoperative adjuvant therapy (HR=0.578, 95% CI 0.421-0.794, P=0.001) was an independent protective factor for prognosis. Conclusions The occurrence of postoperative complications in gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy is closely related to the age of the patients and the range of surgical resection. It is beneficial to improve the prognosis for these patients by paying more attention to the prevention of postoperative complications and the reinforcement of postoperative adjuvant therapy.Objective At present, there are few studies focusing on the factors short-term complications after total gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for clinical prevention of complications in these patients. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Case inclusion criteria (1) clinical stage II-III gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative gastroscopy, pathology, abdominal CT, EUS or PET-CT; (2) evaluated suitable for NACT by MDT discussion; (3) no previous history of other malignant tumors and no concurrent tumor; (4) undergoing total gastrectomy+ D2 lymphadenectomy after NACT. Exclusion criteria (1) age grade III; (3) stump gastric cancer or history of gastric surgery; (4) incomplete clinicopathological data. According to the above criteria, clinicopathological data of 140 advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent total gastrectomy after NACT in Chinese PLA General Hospital between Juive complication (P=0.926). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (OR=3.294, 95% CI 1.343-8.079, P=0.009) and less then 4 cycles of NACT (OR=2.922, 95% CI 1.217-7.016, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for postoperative complication. The 3-year overall survival rates of patients with or without complication were 54.4% and 64.0%, respectively (P=0.395), and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 47.4% and 52.9%, respectively (P=0.587). Conclusions Higher BMI and fewer cycles of NACT are independent risk factors of postoperative complication in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy after NACT. No obvious association is found between postoperative complication and surgical approaches.Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with S-1 (SOX) as adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods A descriptive case series study was applied. Case inclusion criteria (1) locally advanced gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopic biopsy or surgical specimen pathology as gastric adenocarcinoma; (2) receiving D2 radical gastric resection followed by SOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy. Case exclusion criteria (1) postoperative pathological TNM stage I or IV; (2) acute complications and emergency surgeries; (3) receiving neoadjuvant therapy; (4) concurrent malignancies and complications compromising patients' treatment or survival; (5) without receiving adjuvant SOX chemotherapy. A total of 94 patients with stage II-III gastric cancer who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy and postoperative adjuvant SOX chemotherapy at department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled.