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Curcumin is among the most extensively studied phytochemicals. Curcumin is isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. This naturally occurring nutraceutical compound has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective and anti-diabetic ones. Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a significant role in different diseases, as well as in embryogenesis and development of various organs and systems. The effects of Curcumin on the Wnt signaling pathway will be largely described to identify that how Curcumin changes Wnt pathway to exert its therapeutic effects. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used to treat vascular diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetic microangiopathy. According to recent studies, the application of Panax notoginseng extract and related Chinese patent medicine preparations can significantly improve DR. However, the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to decipher the potential mechanism of Panax notoginseng treatment of DR using network pharmacology. METHOD We evaluated and screened the active compounds of Panax notoginseng using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and collected potential targets of the compounds by target fishing. A multi-source database was also used to organize targets of DR. A potential target as a treatment of DR with Panax notoginseng was then obtained by matching the compound targets with the DR targets. Using protein-protein interaction networks and topological analysis, intsis, inflammation, and apoptosis with VEGFA, MMP-9, MMP-2, FGF2, and COX-2 being possible targets. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly expressed on a variety of tumour tissues while several GPCR exogenous ligands become marketed pharmaceuticals since they can target GPCRs to modulate plenty of cancer cell functions. In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) become widely investigated drug targets for cancer therapy but its underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. There are vigorous participations of GPCRs in CSCs-related signalling and functions, such as biomarkers for CSCs, essential receptors for activating Wnt, Hedgehog (HH) and other signalling pathways to facilitate CSCs progressions. This relationship can not only uncover a novel molecular mechanism for GPCR-mediated cancer cell functions but also assist our understanding in maintaining and modulating CSCs. NSC 641530 nmr Moreover, GPCR antagonists and monoclonal antibodies could be applied to impair CSCs functions and consequently attenuate tumour growth, which are anticipated to turn into marketed anticancer drugs via monotherapy or combination therapy with validated chemicals after clinical studies. link2 Therefore, this review summarizes and provides sufficient evidences on regulation of GPCR signalling in the maintenance, differentiation and pluripotency of CSCs, linking GPCRs with CSCs, and suggesting targeting GPCRs on the surface of CSCs as potential therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.A lack of physical activity is linked to the development of many chronic diseases through a chronic low-grade inflammation state. It is now well accepted that the immune system plays a central role in the development of several chronic cardiometabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure and certain types of cancer. Exercise elicits a strong anti-inflammatory response independently of weight loss and can be a useful non-pharmacologic strategy to counteract the low-grade inflammation. The CD4+CD25+CD127-FoxP3+ Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a unique subset of helper T-cells, which regulate immune response and establish self-tolerance through the secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, and the suppression of the function and activity of many immune effector cells (including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and Natural Killers). The metabolic phenotype of Tregs are regulated by the transcription factor Foxp3, providing to these cells flexibility in fuel choice, but preference to increased fatty acid oxidation. In this Review, we focus on the mechanisms by which exercise - both acute and chronic - exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through Treg cells mobilization. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of immunometabolic changes during exercise for the modulation of Treg immunosuppressive function. Along the review, we will discuss a) the role of intensity on acute exercise-induced Treg cell mobilization and regulatory cytokine secretion through metabolic changes; b) the impact of exercise training on Treg cells function using studies with rodent models; c) the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and Treg cells in chronic exercised humans; d) longitudinal human evidence regarding the role of exercise training on Treg cells phenotype. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Medicinal plants produce secondary metabolites with special biological activities, which may be used as new therapeutic alternatives. For instance, tea tree essential oil (TTO) was shown to exert antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiviral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to their thermal instability, active principles can be easily degraded by physicochemical processes; therefore, they must be protected to increase their time of action and improve their controlled release. The aim of this review is to report formulations making use of encapsulated TTO as the active ingredient. Micro and nanoencapsulated systems proved to be more thermostable than TTO and to exert better antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and larvicidal effects. Nanoencapsulation also reduced the oil toxicity. Emulsified and hybrid systems developed by various methods proved to be promising for the pharmaceutical industry, because they showed improved repellent, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Liposomal formulations produced by hydration of lipid films exhibited constant rate of terpineol-4 release. In addition, their incorporation into biomaterials, such as sponges, nanofibers and films, showed great potential for treating infections. Mainly due to the advantages of their incorporation into new drug delivery systems over conventional formulations, there is interest in the development of systems containing TTO as a pharmaceutical ingredient of plant origin. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND This study is carried out targeting the problem of slow response time and performance degradation of imaging system caused by large data of medical ultrasonic imaging. In view of the advantages of CS, it is applied to medical ultrasonic imaging to solve the above problems. OBJECTIVES Under the condition of satisfying the speed of ultrasound imaging, the quality of imaging can be further improved to provide the basis for accurate medical diagnosis. METHODS According to CS theory and the characteristics of the array ultrasonic imaging system, block compressed sensing ultrasonic imaging algorithm is proposed based on wavelet sparse representation. RESULTS Three kinds of observation matrices have been designed on the basis of the proposed algorithm, which can be selected to reduce the number of the linear array channels and the complexity of the ultrasonic imaging system to some extent. link3 CONCLUSION The corresponding simulation program is designed, and the result shows that this algorithm can greatly reduce the total data amount required by imaging and the number of data channels required for linear array transducer to receive data. The imaging effect has been greatly improved compared with that of the spatial frequency domain sparse algorithm. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Data mining algorithms are extensively used to classify the data, in which prediction of disease using minimal computation time plays a vital role. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to develop the classification model from reduced features and instances. METHODS In this paper we proposed four search algorithms for feature selection the first algorithm is Random Global Optimal (RGO) search algorithm for searching the continuous, global optimal subset of features from the random population. The second is Global and Local Optimal (GLO) search algorithm for searching the global and local optimal subset of features from population. The third one is Random Local Optimal (RLO) search algorithm for generating random, local optimal subset of features from the random population. Finally the Random Global and Optimal (RGLO) search algorithm for searching the continuous, global and local optimal subset of features from the random population. RGLO search algorithm combines the properties of first three stated algorithm. The subsets of features generated from the proposed four search algorithms are evaluated using the consistency based subset evaluation measure. Instance based learning algorithm is applied to the resulting feature dataset to reduce the instances that are redundant or irrelevant for classification. The model developed using naïve Bayesian classifier from the reduced features and instances is validated with the tenfold cross validation. RESULTS Classification accuracy based on RGLO search algorithm using naïve Bayesian classifier is 94.82% for Breast, 97.4% for DLBCL, 98.83% for SRBCT and 98.89% for Leukemia datasets. CONCLUSION The RGLO search based reduced features results in the high prediction rate with less computational time when compared with the complete dataset and other proposed subset generation algorithm. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Basal-like carcinoma is one of the breast subtypes that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It has a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior. It is in a heterogeneous group with various other types of cancer, including metaplastic carcinoma, carcinomas with medullary features, medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma arising in the setting of BRCA1 mutations. Imaging features of basal-like cancers have not been uniform, and there are no studies with imaging comparisons between basal-like carcinomas. OBJECTIVES To compare imaging features of basal-like carcinomas and to understand their characteristics. METHODS By using our radiologic database, we retrospectively searched 37 cases of metaplastic carcinoma and 44 cases of invasive carcinoma with medullary features (ICMF). Two radiologists reviewed images according to ACR BI-RADS lexicon. RESULTS The higher Ki-67 and absence of calcifications were statistically significant in ICMF than in metaplastic carcinoma.