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ewed and updated to limit the morbidity and economic burden on individuals.

There is a dearth of knowledge on the burden of family caregivers of patients with maxillofacial tumours in Nigeria. This burden may be influenced by racial peculiarities and the disease entity of the patient. The aim of this study is to assess and document the burdens and predictors of burdens experienced by family caregivers of patients with oral maxillofacial tumours presenting at a tertiary health facility in South Western Nigeria.

A descriptive cross-sectional study that included 110 consenting family caregivers of patients diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial tumours. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on their sociodemographic characteristics and caregiving burden using the Zarit burden interview tool. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0.

The most frequent group of caregivers was patients' children (32.0%), aged 30-39 years (28.2%), females (54.5%), with secondary education (41.8%),h maxillofacial tumours was the mild-to-moderate category, and the most significant predictors were the presence of pain and severity of clinical condition. The greatest need expressed was financial assistance. Therefore, an emphasis on adequate pain control and alternate sources of funding may appreciably relieve the burden of family caregivers of patients with maxillofacial tumours.

Smartphone applications (apps) are increasingly becoming more popular for medical use.

The aim of this article is to determine the willingness and ease of using smartphone apps for visual assessment among adult patients attending the general outpatient ophthalmology clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria in Nigeria.

The study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional design.

New and old adult patients who presented at the clinic and consented to the study were selected. Visual acuity assessment was done using a 6-m Snellen chart and three selected Smartphone visual acuity applications sequentially. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and then analysed using SPSS version 23.

A total of 287 patients were studied. Majority (96%) of the patients found the Smartphone apps to be easy to use. A good proportion (76%) of the patients also believed that Smartphone charts were easier to use than the conventional Snellen chart and expressed willingness to use the app again.

Smartphone visual acuity apps could offer a convenient, easy-to-learn, and easy-to-use means of visual acuity assessment. This coupled with the demonstrated patient's willingness to embrace this technology could be used to encourage the use of clinically validated apps for the early detection as well as monitoring of any impairment of vision, especially in out-of-clinic situations.

Smartphone visual acuity apps could offer a convenient, easy-to-learn, and easy-to-use means of visual acuity assessment. This coupled with the demonstrated patient's willingness to embrace this technology could be used to encourage the use of clinically validated apps for the early detection as well as monitoring of any impairment of vision, especially in out-of-clinic situations.

The breast is an important aesthetic feature in a woman. It defines her body shape and is a measure of beauty and attraction. Anthropometric breast measurements done in different countries have shown anatomic variations, but there have been very few studies in the Nigerian females to aid the planning of aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries and serves as a guide in designing breast accessories and clothing.

The study measured anthropometric breast parameters in Nigerian females, assessed the degree of symmetry in volume of the right and left breasts and compared the measurements in females from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria and with values from women from other countries.

This was a prospective descriptive analytical study of three hundred and seventy (370) female students chosen randomly from three higher institutions of learning in Yaba Local Council Development Area (LCDA) Lagos State Nigeria between ages 18 and 32 years. Fourteen parameters were measured using a measuring tape and long ruler.

The right sternal notch nipple length (RSNL), left sternal notch nipple length (LSNL), and the nipple nipple length (NNL) was found to be 21.88 cm, 22.31 cm and 21.70 cm, respectively. The mean mammary volume for the right and left breast were 395.78 mL and 437.65 mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in the parameters across the six geopolitical zones.

There was no statistically significant difference in the anthropometric parameters measured across the six geopolitical zones. The anthropometric values of the left breast were significantly larger.

There was no statistically significant difference in the anthropometric parameters measured across the six geopolitical zones. The anthropometric values of the left breast were significantly larger.

Surgical treatment of haemorrhoidal disease by laser haemorrhoidoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that facilitates the postoperative course. Due to less aggression on the anoderm and the anal canal mucosa, it causes less significant postoperative pain and low morbidity compared with conventional excision according to the Milligan-Morgan or Fergusson procedure. We report, through a preliminary study, our data on laser haemorrhoidoplasty and discuss the indications and results.

This is a descriptive prospective study carried out on 21 patients operated on for haemorrhoidal disease by laser haemorrhoidoplasty with or without mucopexy.

The series was composed of 17 men and 4 women with a male/female ratio of 4.251. The average age was 39.6 years with a range of 27-62 years. The symptomatology was rectal bleeding in 16 cases (76%) and anal swelling in 18 cases (85.7%). These include grade 2 haemorrhoids in 2 cases (9.5%), grade 3 in 12 cases (57%), and grade 4 in 7 cases (33%). It was associated with 3 haemorrhoids without major prolapse. Postoperative pain is minimal, and the risk of stenosis or incontinence is almost non-existent.

Laser haemorrhoidoplasty is a minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease, especially for grade 2 and 3 haemorrhoids without major prolapse. Postoperative pain is minimal, and the risk of stenosis or incontinence is almost non-existent.We examine the impact of vaccination against Covid-19 for mental health. Our estimates suggest that vaccination led to a significant and substantive improvement in mental health. These positive impacts were however concentrated on those most at risk of hospitalisation and death from Covid-19, namely older and clinically vulnerable groups. Our proposed explanation is that in the absence of vaccination, anxiety about contracting COVID-19 has a deleterious impact on the mental health of this cohort. On the other hand, vaccination was much less impactful for the mental health of those least at risk from Covid-19. This may help to explain vaccine hesitancy amongst young people. For this group, a lack of uptake may be principally due to a lack of perceived benefits (and indeed perceived costs) for their own well-being as opposed to vaccine hesitancy.A man in his 50s with no significant past medical history developed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. On the ninth hospital day, he had a ruptured visceral aneurysm with segmental arterial mediolysis, and we successfully treated with transarterial embolization using metallic coils.Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are typically associated with residual hyperpigmentation or non-pigmenting lesions. There is no distinctive histopathological feature; though, drug provocation tests (DPT) can be confirmatory within 7 days. We describe a patient with penile FDE associated with residual hypopigmentation, a prolonged refractory period to DPT and recurrent meatal stenosis.A 65-year-old man with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditi on Levothyroxine developed Graves' disease with ocular symptoms and was treated with teprotumumab without improvement. Total thyroidectomy was performed to control hyperthyroidism. Surgical pathology revealed multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. Rarely, a spectrum of thyroid disorders is seen in a single patient.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disease, which vital prognosis is conditioned by the occurrence of cancers essentially of the skin and ocular surfaces, requiring an early and adapted management. Radiation therapy (RT) is a very effective modality in the therapeutic arsenal alongside surgery, but it remains underused as it is wrongly considered to be deleterious for these patients. In this article, we report the case of a 10-years-old girl with XP treated with external beam RT for a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right ocular conjunctiva. The clinical tolerance was excellent and we obtained a good tumoral response. selleck chemicals Therefore, the place of RT in these patients could/should be reconsidered, especially since these suspicions have still not been confirmed.The present study describes the clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and developmental characteristics of a patient affected 49,XXXXY syndrome with routine Fraccaro syndrome features accompanied by sexual masturbation behavior. This study summarized the clinical features and also maternal age on birth time of so far 49,XXXXY reported patients among the Iranian population.Predominantly visual loss, is very rare in Wernicke's encephalopathy. A 22 year old lady, in her 28th week of gestation, presented with a confused mental state, bilateral papilloedema with retinal hemorrhages, ophthalmoparesis, and cerebellar signs. Her MRI brain was suggestive of Wernicke's encephalopathy and she recovered with intravenous thiamine.Manual wheelchair users place high stress on their shoulders. We describe a 69-year-old male who developed end-stage shoulder osteoarthritis from chronic manual wheelchair (MW) use. Three prosthetic total shoulder replacements failed, reflecting his refusal to transition to an electric wheelchair. MW use must be avoided in some of these patients.Ondansteron is widely used as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting and is associated with various side effects. We present a case of hypersensitivity reaction in the form of itching and rashes in a 6-year-old female patient with a single dose of intravenous ondansetron.An 89-year-old male case was hospitalized in the COVID-19 department. His CT scan showed nodular opacities, also a variable low P O2, elevated transaminases, and a high D-dimer concentration. The patient diagnosed with active brucellosis. Finally, he treated by combination of doxycycline and rifampicin in addition to anti-COVID-19 treatment.Small cell osteosarcoma is a rare sub-type of osteogenic malignant tumors. Rib localization is uncommon. Histological examination is an important step to make the difference with similar tumors like Ewing's sarcoma. Surgical resection is the unique curative treatment. The prognosis remains poor even with adjuvant treatment.