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Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we present a comprehensive review on the adoption of BC to tackle COVID-19 situations. We also present a case study on BC-based digital vaccine passports and analyzed its complexity. Finally, we analyzed the research challenges and future directions in this emerging area.Hospitals as healthcare centers have faced many challenges with the Covid-19 spread, which results in a decline in the quality of health care. Because the number of patients referred to hospitals increases dramatically during the pandemic, providing high-quality services and satisfying them is more important than ever to maintain community health and create loyal customers in the future. However, health care quality standards are generally designed for normal circumstances. The SERVPERF standard, which measures customer perceptions of service quality, has also been adjusted for hospital service quality measurement. In this study, the SERVPERF standard criteria for health services are evaluated in the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, by considering the causal relationships between the criteria and using Z-Number theory and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), the importance of these criteria in the prevalence of infectious diseases was analyzed. According to the results, hospital reliability, hospital hygiene, and completeness of the hospital with ratios 0.9559, 0.9305, and 0.9268 are respectively the most influential criteria in improving the quality of health services in the spread of infectious diseases circumstances such as the Covid-19 pandemic. A review of the literature shows that in previous studies, comprehensive research has not been done on prioritizing the criteria for measuring the quality of health services in the context of the spread of infectious diseases.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)-ventilation-weighted dose analysis to predict radiation-induced pneumonia probability (RIPP).

The study population for this retrospective analysis included 16 patients with stage III lung cancer. Each patient's 4DCT images, including end-inhale and end-exhale sequences, were used for the deformable image registration, and the Hounsfield units (HU) density-change was used to calculate the ventilation. A previously established equation was used to convert the original dose (OD) D

in the lungs in the original plan (OP) to the weighted-dose (WD) D

in the weighted plan (WP). The patients were divided into 2 groups, one with radiation-induced pneumonia (RIP), and one without. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of RIP with ΔV

(ΔV

V

in the WP - V

in the OP), ΔMLD (ΔMLD = mean lung dose (MLD) in the WP - MLD in the OP), and ΔV

.

The results showed that 5 of the 16 patients were suffering from acute RIP, 4 of which had higher ΔV

and ΔMLD values than the rest of the patients. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis for those 4 patients were as follows RIP vs. ΔV

, r = 0.5123; RIP vs. ΔMLD, r = 0.5119; RIP vs. ΔV

, r = 0.1904.

The 4DCT-ventilation-based weighted-dose analysis showed some correlation between RIPP and both ΔV

and ΔMLD, when comparing the weighted-dose and the conventional dose-volume histogram (DVH) analyses.

The 4DCT-ventilation-based weighted-dose analysis showed some correlation between RIPP and both ΔV20 and ΔMLD, when comparing the weighted-dose and the conventional dose-volume histogram (DVH) analyses.The present study aimed to formulate 5-fluorouracil loaded cross linked chitosan nanoparticles based on chemical cross-linking of low molecular weight chitosan with glutaraldehyde by reverse micelles technique as 5-FU is less hydrophobic, relatively potent, has a shorter half-life, is rapidly metabolized, less tolerated, and has low oral bioavailability; therefore, we aimed to formulate potential nanocarriers of 5-FU for efficient drug delivery to specific targeted areas of action, reduce oral toxicity, improve tolerability and therapeutic outcomes of 5-FU, in a restricted fashion to enhance the bioavailability of 5-FU. Nanoparticles were formulated by the reverse micelle method based on the chemical cross-linking of glutaraldehyde (25% aqueous solution) into a w/o emulsion in different ratios. LMWCH-NPs were characterized for post-formulation parameters by mean particle size, zeta potential, %age yield, loading/entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DSC/TGA, TEM, PXRD, drug re. Prepared nanoparticles are inert, biodegradable, and biocompatible drug delivery systems for sustained release of 5-FU with maximum therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Alongside direct health concerns pertaining to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the stressors and life disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may provoke secondary concerns for health and well-being. CX5461 The implications of COVID-19-related stressors may be particularly salient for young adults, who are at higher-risk for mental health concerns and substance use behaviors. We developed a multifaceted scale that assessed distinct domains of COVID-19-related stressors and examined associations between these stressors and indices of mental health, well-being, and substance use (alcohol and marijuana use). In April-June of 2020, 1181 young adults were recruited from two- and four-year colleges to participate in this study (M age  = 20.40; 59.95% women). Exploratory factor analysis identified five domains of COVID-19-related stressors job insecurity, social/relational, financial, illness-related, and school-related. The overall pattern of results indicated that COVID-19-related stressors were related to poorer mental health and well-being. Social/relational stressors emerged as a primary concern most strongly associated with indices of mental health and alcohol use, relative to other stressors. However, illness-related stressors and school-related stressors were associated with less alcohol use. Stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may impact young adults' health and well-being but disentangling various stressor domains informs more tailored intervention and prevention strategies.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00604-0.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00604-0.This study focused on the application value of MRI images processed by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm-based model in diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). The SVM algorithm was constrained by a self-paced regularization item and gradient value to establish the MRI image segmentation model (SVM-L) for lung. Its performance was compared factoring into the Dice index (DI), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and Mean Square Error (MSE). 28 SPN patients who underwent the parallel MRI examination were selected as research subjects and were divided into the benign group (11 patients) and malignant group (17 patients) according to different plans for diagnosis and treatment. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) at different b values was analyzed, and the steepest slope (SS) and washout ratio (WR) values in the two groups were calculated. The result showed that the MSE, DI, SE, SP values, and operation time of the SVM-L model were (0.41 ± 0.02), (0.84 ± 0.13), (0.89 ± 0.04), (0.993 ± 0.004), and (30.69 ± 2.60)s, respectively, apparently superior to those of the other algorithms, but there were no statistic differences (P > 0.05) in the WR value between the two groups of patients. The SS values of the time-signal curve in the benign and malignant groups were (2.52 ± 0.69) %/s and (3.34 ± 00.41) %/s, respectively. Obviously, the SS value of the benign group was significantly lower than that of the malignant group (P less then 0.01). The ADC value with different b values in the benign group was significantly lower than that of the malignant group (P less then 0.01). It suggested that the SVM-L model significantly improved the quality of lung MRI images and increased the accuracy to differentiate benign and malignant SPN, providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of SPN patients.This study was aimed to explore the diagnostic features of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH). A fireworks algorithm optimization (FAO) was proposed based on the fireworks algorithm (FA), and it was compared with the maximum between-class variance method (OTSU) and the maximum entropy threshold method (KSW) for analysis. In addition, it was applied to the diagnosis of MRI images of 55 HCC patients in the experimental group (group E) and 55 HCH patients in the control group (group C). It was found that the FAO showed a greatly lower difference function (DF) and a shorter running time in contrast to the OTSU and KSW algorithms (P less then 0.05); the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of the T1-weighted image (T1WI) for patients in groups E and C was 85.31% and 95.85%, respectively, and the DA of the T2-weighted image (T2WI) was 97.84% (group E) and 89.71% (group C), respectively. In short, FAO showed an excellent performance in segmentation and reconstruction of MRI images for liver tissue, and T1WI and T2WI of MRI images showed high accuracy in diagnosing the HCC and HCH, respectively.This study was to explore the risk factors and prognosis of early neurological deterioration (END) after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) with the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under the compressed sensing-MRI (CSMRI) algorithm. 187 patients with CIS in the hospital were selected and grouped into a deterioration group and a control group according to whether they had END. The CSMRI algorithm was constructed and compared with digital television (DTV) algorithm and Bayesian compressed sensing (BCS) algorithm. It was found that the reconstruction time of CSMRI algorithm in platform I (1134.9 s) and platform II (2615.8 s) was visibly lower than that of DTV algorithm (2634.6 s, 3963.4 s) and BCS algorithm (5631.5 s, 7412.3 s), showing statistically obvious differences (P less then 0.05). In addition, the reconstruction efficiency of the CSMRI algorithm was the best. After 4 hours of intravenous thrombolysis, the stroke scale score (12.3 scores) of the deterioration group was much higher than that of the control group (8.4 scores) (P less then 0.05). The occlusion of responsible great vessel in the deterioration group (30 cases, 83.33%) was obviously higher in contrast to that in the control group (74 cases, 49%) (P less then 0.05). Stroke scale score and occlusion of responsible great vessel were risk factors for EBD after intravenous thrombolysis.This case study investigates the efficacy of low dose naltrexone (LDN) and the Wahls Protocol in reducing the frequency and severity of chronic migraine headaches in a 62-year-old White female with multiple sclerosis. Migraines are common among the many debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis. A therapeutic intervention of low dose naltrexone titrated to 4.5 mg nightly in combination with dietary changes significantly improved the patient's quality of life by reducing the severity, duration, and frequency of her chronic migraine headaches.