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Using our technique, we could successfully measure expressions of the CD45 antigen that is commonly expressed by white blood cells, as well as CD34 that is expressed by scarce hematopoietic progenitor cells, which constitutes only ∼0.0001% of all blood cells, directly from whole blood. With our technology, flow cytometry can potentially become a rapid bedside or at-home testing method that is available around the clock in environments where this invaluable assay with proven clinical utility is currently either outsourced or not even accessible.Most current biosensors were designed for the detection of individual analytes, or a group of chemically similar analytes. We reason that sensors designed to track both reactants and products might be useful for following chemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key biomolecule that participates in various biochemical reactions, and its hydrolysis plays a fundamental role in life. click here ATP can be converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) via the dephosphorylation process. ATP can also be hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi) through depyrophosphorylation, depending on where the bond is cleaved. The detection of ATP-related hydrolysates would enable a better understanding of the different reaction pathways with a high level of robustness and confidence. Herein, we prepared a fluorescent sensor array based on a series of bimetallic zeolite imidazole frameworks M/ZIF-8 (M = Ni, Mn, Cu) and ZIF-67 to discriminate ATP hydrolysis and detect ATP hydrolysis related analytes. A fluorescently-labeled DNA oligonucleotide was used for signaling. Interestingly, Cu/ZIF-8 exhibited an ultrahigh selectivity for recognizing pyrophosphate with a detection limit of 2.5 μM. Moreover, the practicality of this sensor array was demonstrated in fetal bovine serum, clearly discriminating ATP hydrolysis products.Efficient on-chip manipulation of photon spin is of crucial importance in developing future integrated nanophotonics as is electron spin in spintronics. The unidirectionality induced by the interaction between spin and orbital angular momenta suffers low efficiency in classical macroscopic optics, while it can be highly enhanced on subwavelength scales with suitable architectures. Here we propose and demonstrate a spin-sorting achiral split-ring coupler to unidirectionally excite dielectric-loaded plasmonic modes in two independent waveguides. We found experimentally that the impinging light with different spin can be selectively directed into one of two branching plasmonic waveguides with a directionality contrast up to 15.1 dB. A circular-helicity-independent compact beam splitter is also realized demonstrating great potential in designing complex interconnect nanocircuits. The illustrated approach is believed to open new avenues for developing advanced optical functionalities with a flexible degree of freedom in manipulation of on-chip chirality within chiral optics.The addition of nanoparticles to a base fluid (i.e., nanofluids) is an effective strategy to achieve a higher thermal conductivity of a fluid. In a common nanofluid, the suspended nanoparticles are mostly symmetrical spheres. In the present paper, we propose to add Janus nanoparticles into a fluid (termed as Janus nanofluids), to further enhance the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. By using molecular dynamics simulations, it is found that the thermal conductivity can be distinctly improved by introducing Janus particles into the nanofluids in contrast with common nanofluids. Based on the calculation results of the molecular radial distribution function around the nanoparticle, and the diffusion coefficient of the base fluid and the Janus nanoparticle, the enhancement in the thermal conductivity of Janus nanofluids is attributed to the enhanced Brownian motion of Janus nanoparticles, which increases the probability of inter-molecular collisions and leads to enhanced energy transfer in nanofluids. The Janus nanofluids proposed in this work provide insights for the design of nanofluids with high thermal conductivity.Near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (NIR-TADF) materials with emission over 700 nm have been insufficiently investigated mainly due to the limited choice of strong donor/acceptor units for molecular construction and the limited electronic coupling between the donors and acceptors. Herein, a novel D-A1-A2-A3 configuration was developed for the design of a NIR-TADF material (TPA-CN-N4-2PY), in which three types of sub-acceptor units (CN cyano; N4 dipyrido[3,2-a2',3'-c]phenazine; PY pyridine) were incorporated into a molecular skeleton to reinforce the electron-accepting strength. The attachment of two pyridine units on TPA-CN-N4 produced TPA-CN-N4-2PY with an extended π-backbone, which shifted the electroluminescence (EL) emission into the NIR region and enhanced the horizontal ratio of emitting dipole orientation (Θ//) simultaneously. TPA-CN-N4-2PY-based OLEDs demonstrated a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.9% with an emission peak at 712 nm and Θ// = 85% at the doping ratio of 9.0 wt%. On the contrary, the parent compound TPA-CN-N4-based OLEDs at the same doping ratio achieved an EQE of 23.4% at 678 nm with Θ// = 75%. This multiple sub-acceptors approach could enrich the design strategy of the NIR-TADF materials, and the large conjugated system could improve the Θ// for achieving efficient emitters.Anti-seizure medicines constitute a common yet important modality to treat epilepsy. However, some of them are associated with serious side effects including hepatotoxicity and hypersensitivity. Furthermore, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an insurmountable obstacle for brain drug delivery. Fortunately, the introduction of the nanoparticles for drug delivery is a feasible approach to overcome these obstacles. Encapsulating drugs into nanoparticles and delivering them to specific sites shows great potential for improving the efficiency of drug delivery and reducing systemic toxicity. Several in vivo studies have investigated the effect of nanoparticle size on biodistribution in mice, but very few have investigated its effects on efficient drug delivery while crossing the BBB. Therefore, we designed a methoxy poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticle delivery system and explored the cell uptake efficiency of nanoparticles with different sizes and their ability to penetrate the BBB while carrying carbamazepine (CBZ). CBZ-loaded nanoparticles could significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of CBZ to L929 cells at high concentrations. Results from the endocytosis experiment involving human cerebral microvessel endothelial cell/D3 showed that the DiR-loaded mPEG5K-PLGA10K nanoparticles possessed the highest cell uptake efficiency. The endocytosis efficiency was 90% at 30 min, which far exceeded that of the other groups. Moreover, similar results were obtained from subsequent experiments where fluorescence images of the isolated organs of the mice were acquired. To summarize, our study demonstrated that drug delivery to the brain using nanocarriers is size dependent. Nanoparticles with the smallest particle size can be internalized more effectively, and easily penetrate the BBB, and accumulate in the brain.The addition of reagents for assays in digital microfluidic (DMF) systems is traditionally done by merging of droplets containing different analytes or reagents in solution. However, this process significantly increases droplet volume after each step, resulting in dilution of the analyte and reagents. Here, we report a new technique for performing reagent additions to aqueous droplets without significantly increasing the droplet's volume volume-less reagent delivery (VRD). VRD is enabled by a physical phenomenon we call "exclusive liquid repellency" (ELR), which describes an aqueous/oil/solid 3-phase system where the aqueous phase can be fully repelled from a solid phase (contact angle ∼180°). When performing VRD, a reagent of interest in solution is deposited onto the ELR solid surface and allowed to dry. The ELR surface containing the dried reagent is then immersed under oil, followed by introduction of an aqueous droplet. By dragging the aqueous droplet over the spot of dried reagent using paramagnetic particles or via a physical sliding wall, the droplet can then recover and reconstitute the reagent with negligible increase in its total volume, returning the ELR surface to its initial liquid repellent state in the process. We demonstrate that VRD can be performed across a wide range of reagent types including sugars, proteins (antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA), antibiotics, and even complex enzyme/substrate/buffer "kit" mixtures. We believe VRD is a flexible and powerful technique which can further the development of self-contained, multi-step assays in DMF and other microfluidic systems.Paper microfluidics is a rapidly growing subfield of microfluidics in which paper-like porous materials are used to create analytical devices that are well-suited for use in field applications. 3D printing technology has the potential to positively affect paper microfluidic device development by enabling tools and methods for the creation of devices with well-defined and tunable fluidic networks of porous matrices for high performance signal generation. This critical review focuses on the progress that has been made in using 3D printing technologies to advance the development of paper microfluidic devices. We describe printing work in three general categories (i) solid support structures for paper microfluidic device components; (ii) channel barrier definition in existing porous materials; and (iii) porous channels for capillary flow, and discuss their value in advancing paper microfluidic device development. Finally, we discuss major areas of focus for highest impact on the next generation of paper microfluidics devices.Highly transparent CeO2/polycarbonate surfaces were fabricated that prevent adhesion, proliferation, and the spread of bacteria. CeO2 nanoparticles with diameters of 10-15 nm and lengths of 100-200 nm for this application were prepared by oxidizing aqueous dispersions of Ce(OH)3 with H2O2 in the presence of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as the capping agent. The surface-functionalized water-dispersible CeO2 nanorods showed high catalytic activity in the halogenation reactions, which makes them highly efficient functional mimics of haloperoxidases. These enzymes are used in nature to prevent the formation of biofilms through the halogenation of signaling compounds that interfere with bacterial cell-cell communication ("quorum sensing"). Bacteria-repellent CeO2/polycarbonate plates were prepared by dip-coating plasma-treated polycarbonate plates in aqueous CeO2 particle dispersions. The quasi-enzymatic activity of the CeO2 coating was demonstrated using phenol red enzyme assays. The monolayer coating of CeO2 nanorods (1.6 μg cm-2) and the bacteria repellent properties were demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, biofilm assays, and fluorescence measurements. The engineered polymer surfaces have the ability to repel biofilms as green antimicrobials on plastics, where H2O2 is present in humid environments such as automotive parts, greenhouses, or plastic containers for rainwater.