Holmdavidson6366

Information on the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits is helpful for constructing and testing models of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of natural populations. For plant groups with long life cycles there is a lack of line cross experiments that can unravel the genetic architecture of loci underlying quantitative traits. To fill this gap, we propose the use of variation for phenotypic traits expressed in natural hybrid zones as an alternative approach. We used data from orchid hybrid zones and compared expected and observed patterns of phenotypic trait expression in different early generation hybrid classes identified by molecular genetic markers. We found evidence of additivity, dominance, and epistatic interactions for different phenotypic traits. We discuss the potential of this approach along with its limitations and suggest it may represent a realistic way to gain an initial insight into the heritability and genomic architecture of traits in organismal groups with complex life history, such as orchids and many others. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Molecular targeted therapies against EGFR and ALK have improved the quality of life of lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, targetable driver mutations are mainly found in TTF-1/NKX2-1-positive terminal respiratory unit (TRU) types and rarely in non-TRU types. Cyclosporine A datasheet To elucidate the molecular characteristics of the major subtypes of non-TRU-type adenocarcinomas, we analyzed 19 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (11 TRU types and 8 non-TRU types). A characteristic of non-TRU-type cell lines was the strong expression of TFF-1 (trefoil factor-1), a gastric mucosal protective factor. An immunohistochemical analysis of 238 primary lung adenocarcinomas resected at Jichi Medical University Hospital revealed that TFF-1 was positive in 31 cases (13%). TFF-1 expression was frequently detected in invasive mucinous(14/15,93%), enteric(2/2,100%), and colloid(1/1,100%) adenocarcinomas, less frequent in acinar(5/24,21%), papillary(7/120,6%), and solid(2/43,5%) adenocarcinomas, and negative in micropapillary(0/1,0%), lepidic(0/23,0%), and microinvasive adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinoma in situ(0/9,0%). TFF-1 expression correlated with the expression of HNF4alpha and MUC5AC (p less then 0.0001, p less then 0.0001, respectively) and inversely correlated with that of TTF-1/NKX2-1 (p less then 0.0001). These results indicate that TFF-1 is characteristically expressed in non-TRU-type adenocarcinomas with gastrointestinal features. TFF-1-positive cases harbored KRAS mutations at a high frequency, but no EGFR or ALK mutations. TFF-1 expression correlated with tumor spread through air space (STAS), and a poor prognosis in advanced stages. Moreover, the knockdown of TFF-1 inhibited cell proliferation and soft-agar colony formation and induced apoptosis in a TFF-1-high and KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cell line. These results indicate that TFF-1 is not only a biomarker, but also a potential molecular target for non-TRU-type lung adenocarcinomas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Lateralized differences in pallidal outflow are putatively linked to asymmetric tonic contractions of the neck muscles in cervical dystonia (CD). At the population level, the interhemispheric asymmetry has been traditionally studied for the estimation of the spectral power in specified frequency bands. Broadband spectral features, however, were not taken into consideration. The contemporary analysis revealed that the aperiodic (1/f) broadband activity could be a neurophysiological marker of the excitation/inhibition ratio. During deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery we measured bilateral pallidal local field potentials (LFP) in nine CD patients, examining the effects of lateralized asymmetry on 1/f broadband activity. All patients showed a trend towards an asymmetric difference in the 1/f broadband activity. The ipsilateral 1/f slope was significantly higher in internal (GPi) segment of the globus pallidus that is on the contralateral side of the direction of the dystonia. We also found lateralized differences in the beta oscillations for GPi and in the alpha oscillations for GPe. Our findings emphasize the importance of mainstreaming broadband activity in the estimation of LFP spectral features together with periodic features and provide further evidence for the pallidal asymmetry in CD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.How do the multiple cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops interact? Are they parallel and fully independent, controlled by an arbitrator or are they hierarchically organized? We introduce here a set of four key concepts, integrated and evaluated by means of a neuro-computational model, that bring together current ideas regarding cortex - basal ganglia interactions in the context of habit learning. According to key concept one, each loop learns to select an intermediate objective at a different abstraction level, moving from goals in the ventral striatum to motor in the putamen. Key concept two proposes that the cortex integrates the basal ganglia selection with environmental information regarding the achieved objective. Key concept three claims shortcuts between loops and key concept four predicts that loops compute their own prediction error signal for learning. Computational benefits of the key concepts are demonstrated. Contrasting with former concepts of habit learning, the loops collaborate to select goal-directed actions while training slower shortcuts develops habitual responses. link2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.As an emergency medicine physician, I am used to working when most people are not working. At the end of February, the first patient in the U.S. to be diagnosed with COVID-19 without a travel history occurred in Sacramento, CA. Over 120 healthcare professionals who had contact with the patient were quarantined. Beginning of March, I worked in the emergency department and treated a patient with viral symptoms without a travel history who was admitted to the hospital. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Complete arch fixed implant supported prosthesis made of monolithic zirconia is a popular treatment option with minimal complications, as documented in the literature over a five-year period. One of the limitations of this material is its inability to be used when the span between adjacent implants is excessively long. A potential solution to mitigate this is problem is to support the zirconia prosthesis with a metal substructure, which intrinsically has higher tensile strength. This clinical report describes the successful use of this prosthetic design in a male patient with bruxism and history of multiple implant failures in the maxilla. This resulted in a large anterior-posterior span between the anterior implants in the maxillary lateral incisor region and the distal implants in the pterygoid region. This article also describes the use of a split file digital workflow to scan the prototype prosthesis and then digitally design and mill the screw-retained cobalt chromium bar, as well as the overlaying of zirconia prosthesis which was retained by separate screws. This novel approach offers promise for management of the atrophic maxilla where implants with remote anchorage are used resulting in broader distribution of implants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We describe the nickel(II)-mediated self-assembly of a multimeric DNA binder composed by two metal-chelating peptides derived from a bZIP transcription factor ( brHis 2 ) and one short AT-hook domain equipped with two bipyridine ligands ( HkBpy 2 ). These peptides reversibly assemble in the presence of Ni(II) ions at selected DNA sequences of 13 base pairs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Reducing the number of tillers per plant using a tiller inhibition (tin) gene has been considered as an important trait for wheat production in dryland environments. link3 We used a spatial analysis approach with a daily time-step coupled radiation and transpiration efficiency model to simulate the impact of the reduced-tillering trait on wheat yield under different climate change scenarios across Australia's arable land. Our results show a small but consistent yield advantage of the reduced-tillering trait in the most water-limited environments both under current and likely future conditions. Our climate scenarios show that whilst elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) alone might limit the area where the reduced-tillering trait is advantageous, the most likely climate scenario of e[CO2 ] combined with increased temperature and reduced rainfall consistently increased the area where restricted tillering has an advantage. Whilst long-term average yield advantages were small (ranged from 31 to 51 kg ha-1 yr-1 ), across large dryland areas the value is large (potential cost-benefits ranged from AUD 23 to 60 MIL yr-1 ). It seems therefore worthwhile to further explore this reduced-tillering trait in relation to a range of different environments and climates, because its benefits are likely to grow in future dry environments where wheat is grown around the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Herein, a methodological overview of our research team's (Global REACH) latest high altitude research expedition to Peru is provided. What is the main finding and its importance? The experimental objectives, expedition organization, measurements, and key cohort data are discussed. The select data presented in the current manuscript demonstrate the hematological differences between lowlanders and Andeans with and without excessive erythrocytosis, and that exercise capacity was similar between study groups at high altitude. The forthcoming findings from our research expedition will contribute to our understanding of lowlander and indigenous highlander high altitude adaptation. ABSTRACT In 2016, the international research team - Global Research Expedition on Altitude-related Chronic Health (REACH) - was established and executed a high altitude research expedition to Nepal. The team consists of ∼45 students, principal investigators and physicians with the cperformance, and autonomic control. Despite encountering serious logistical challenges, each of the proposed studies were completed at both sea level and high altitude amounting to ∼780 study sessions and > 3000 hrs of experimental testing. Participant demographics and data related to acid-base balance and exercise capacity are presented. The collective findings will contribute to our understanding of how lowlanders and Andean highlanders have adapted under high altitude stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with severe chronic heat urticaria (HU), a rare form of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU). Skin symptoms started at the age of 49 years, when our patient first observed that direct skin contact with hot water while showering/bathing, to hot steam, hot objects, higher room temperatures or exposure to hot sun radiation resulted in flat erythematous wheals and angioedema. Heat-induced signs and symptoms usually lasted for 30 min up to 2 hours and were very itchy and even painful with burning sensations. Our patient's quality of life (QoL) was substantially impaired. We could exclude further CIndUs, as she did not report any complaints associated to cold water, exercise or sun radiation during the cooler months. There was no co-occurrence of chronic spontaneous urticaria. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.