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Objective To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli. Method According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pri-724.html Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and ts of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 (P less then 0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 (P less then 0.05). Conclusion The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of orthokeratology lens on children with myopic anisometropia. Methods Retrospective case series study. The data of 226 myopic anisometropia children, (10.83±1.56)years old, including 95 males and 131 females, fitted with orthokeratology(OK) lens in Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were collected. According to the lens wearing condition and baseline anisometropia, they were divided into four groups group A1 with an average age of (10.68±1.66) years (bilateral OK lens wearing with low anisometropia, 1.0 D≤SE difference less then 2.5 D, 50 males and 61 females), group A2 with an average age of (11.24±1.38) years (bilateral OK lens wearing with moderate and high anisometropia, SE difference≥2.5 D, 10 males and 23 females), group B1 with an average age of (10.79±1.51) years (unilateral OK lens wearing with low anisometropia, 1.0 D≤SE difference less then 2.5 D, 17 males and 21 females) and group B2 with an average age of (10.97±1.60) years (unilateralanisometropia in group B1 (F=0.014, P=0.908). Conclusions Orthokeratology could effectively control the progression of myopia and to treat anisometropia. The effect of myopia control was better in the older binocular OK lens wearers, and for the patients with greater baseline anisometropia, the treatment effect of anisometropia was better.Objective The purpose of the study was to describe the prevalence of myopia and to explore the associated factors of myopia among Han and Yi students aged 5-16 years in Yunnan province, China. Methods A total of 5 971 Han and Yi students were included in the data analysis from the Yunnan eye study which was conducted from March to August, 2014. Information regarding demographic factors, socioeconomic status and lifestyle-related exposures were collected by per-designed questionnaires. The ophthalmic examinations including distance visual acuity, anterior segment examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular motility examination were conducted. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk factors for myopia. Results The age of 5 971 subjects was (10.68±2.24)years old, and the total prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 48.05% and 0.59%. Myopia prevalence was found to be higher in Han students compared with Yi ethnicity (50.20% vs. 47.10%,P=0.029). In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of myopia was associated with age (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.25-1.31), girls (OR=1.32, 95%CI 1.18-1.48), increasing reading and writing time per day (OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.07-1.20), having self-reported myopia among friend(s) (OR=1.15, 95%CI 1.02-1.29), having myopic father (OR=1.38, 95%CI 1.06-1.79), having myopic mother (OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.12-1.83) and higher educated mother (OR=1.24, 95%CI 1.03-1.51). Conclusions We observed a high prevalence of myopia among Mangshi students. The presence of myopia was associated with increasing age, girls, increasing reading and writing time per day, having self-reported myopia among friend(s), having myopic father, having myopic and high educated mother.Objective To analyze the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years old in Shenzhen. Methods From April to May 2019, 26 618 children and adolescents from 14 schools in six streets of Baoan District, including Fuyong, Shajing, Xin'an, Xixiang, Songgang and Shiyan, were included in the study by using random cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics, migration status, self-reported myopia, screen time in the last seven days, outdoor activities in the last one month and other information were collected through the questionnaire. The differences of myopia among children and adolescents with different characteristics were compared by χ2 test, and the relationship between migration time and the prevalence of myopia was analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression model. Results The age of 26 618 study participants was (12.37±3.49) years old, and the overall prevalence of myopia was 49.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for relevant confounding factors, compared with migrant children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI) 1.48 (1.14-1.92)]. After being grouped by phase of school, in the lower grade group of primary school, the children and adolescents of migrant workers who had migrated for more than 6 years had a higher risk of myopia compared with those of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years [OR (95%CI) 1.96 (1.20-2.74)]. In the high school group, compared with the children and adolescents of migrant workers who migrated for 1-2 years, those of migrant workers who had migrated for 3-5 years and ≥6 years had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI) 6.03 (1.29-28.15) and 6.52 (1.51-28.11), respectively]. Conclusion The migration time is related to the prevalence of myopia of the children and adolescents of migrant workers.Objective To explore the relationship between environmental factors and refractive parameters of children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years old. Methods A total of 566 students aged 6 to 14 years old were selected by using random cluster sampling method in Nankai District and Hongqiao District of Tianjin from September to December 2016. Questionnaires were conducted and refractive parameters were measured including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT). Vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius (CR), the ratio of axial length to corneal radius (AL/CR) and equivalent spherical diopter (SER) were calculated. Multivariate generalized linear model was used to analyze the related factors of refractive parameters. Results The average age of the subjects was (9.8±2.5) years old, including 302 male students (53.4%). The overall SER, AL, CCT, ACD, LT, VCD, CR and AL/CR ratios were (-1.31±1.85) D, (23.67±1.16) mm, (23.67±1.16) mm, (546.60±31.98) μm, (3.06±0.27) mm, (3.48±0.21) mm, (17.12±1.13) mm, (7.78±0.25) mm and 3.04±0.14, respectively. Multivariate generalized linear model analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, height, weight, education level of parents, occupation of parents and family income, compared with those whose daily reading and writing time>6 hours, the AL and VCD of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours, 3-4 hours or 5-6 hours were smaller, and the AL/CR ratio of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours or 3-4 hours were also smaller (all P1.5 hours, the AL, VCD and CR of students who used electronic screen ≤1.5 hours per day were lower (all P less then 0.05). Conclusions Daily reading and writing time, daily electronic screen use time and daily sleep time are the main environmental factors related to eye refractive parameters.Objective To explore the relationship between myopic refraction and near work in children and adolescents with different genetic risks. Methods From September to December 2016, Nankai District and Hongqiao District of Tianjin were taken as the study sites. Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 533 children and adolescents aged 6-14 years from one primary school and one junior middle school in each of the two districts were included as the study subjects. Refraction measurements by an auto-kerato-refractor and questionnaire survey about near work were conducted. 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the selected myopia susceptibility genes were detected, and the genetic risk of each individual was scored. After grouping by genetic risk score, the relationship between myopia and near work was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression, and the relationship between near work and refraction was analyzed by the multivariate linear regression. Results The age of 553 subjects was (9.8±2.5) yerisk group of GRS, with increase of 1 hour in the total daily reading and writing time and computer use time, the SER decreased by 0.25 D (95%CI-0.31, -0.18) and 0.57 D (95%CI-0.97, -0.18), respectively. In the high risk group of GRS, with increase of 1 hour in the daily total reading and writing time, the SER decreased by 0.33 D (95%CI-0.43, -0.22). Conclusion Continuous near work time no less than half an hour, daily computer use time, the total daily reading and writing time, and daily mobile phone use time were associated with myopic refraction in children and adolescents.The prevention and control of myopia among children and adoles cents is a systematic project. It is necessary to make full use of the establishment of relevant policies and strategies for myopia prevention and control, the improvement of surveillance measures, the application of prevention and control standards, the promotion of appropriate technologies and the construction of demonstration areas. These measures will help ensure the promotion of students' physical activities, popularize knowledge of prevention and control of health, promote the effective implementation of myopia prevention and control measures proposed in the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents Implementation Plan, so as to protect the visual health of children and adolescents.The high incidence of myopia in children and adolescents has become an important public health issue. There is still a debate about the priority between genetic and environmental factors of myopia, which makes researchers realize that the related research on the prediction index of myopia natural process and the effective methods of prevention and control still lags behind the social demand. Therefore it needs innovative thinking and a deep understanding of the role of the changes of the times, reduce learning and screen time under low natural light and artificial lighting, at the same time increase daytime outdoor activities, so as to provide new strategies and actions for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents in China.