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evaluated and is likely highest for hypertension. High-quality studies with the ability to incorporate time since first diagnosis of co-morbidity are scarce and much needed.

Although percutaneous hallux valgus surgery is increasing in popularity, concerns about safety regarding neurovascular and tendinous structures remain. The first aim of this body-donor study was to evaluate the safety of three common percutaneous portals. Secondly, to evaluate percutaneous surgery effectiveness in completing adductor tendon release and first ray osteotomies.

Twenty body-donor feet were included and underwent three percutaneous procedures, which are commonly performed in combination distal metatarsal osteotomy, proximal phalanx osteotomy and adductor tendon release. After surgery, the distance between surgical portals and relevant neurovascular structures was measured. Damage to this neurovascular structures, tendons or articular cartilage was noted. Completion of adductor tendon release and osteotomies was verified.

The medial dorsal digital nerve of the hallux was damaged in two specimens. Mild peritendon damage was observed in two feet. see more The rest of neurovascular and tendinous structures were intact. No cartilage damage was observed. The distance between the adductor tenotomy portal and the lateral dorsal digital nerve of the hallux and the first dorsal metatarsal artery was 3.3mm (SD 1.4) and 2.4mm (SD 1.8), respectively. Complete adductor tenotomy was achieved in 14 feet.

The structure with the highest risk of damage during percutaneous hallux valgus surgery is the medial dorsal digital nerve. The lateral dorsal digital nerve and the first dorsal metatarsal artery might be at risk due to the small distance to the adductor tendon release portal. A deep anatomical knowledge and a meticulous surgical technique are required to avoid lesions to neurovascular and tendinous structures.

V, Cadaveric study.

V, Cadaveric study.

Instability is one of the most common reasons for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. Constrained prosthesis can be used for significant ligamentous laxity, but there is not much evidence on the appropriate level of restriction for unstable varus-valgus TKA. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome and survival at a minimum follow-up of five years between rotating hinge knee prosthesis (RHK) and constrained condylar knee prosthesis (CCK) for extension instability following primary TKA.

For symptomatic extension instability after primary TKA, good functional outcomes and survival can be achieved with both designs.

Consecutive patients with unstable primary TKA who underwent revision with either RHK (n=34) or CCK (n=30) were retrospectively compared. Assessments were performed by the Knee Society Scores (KSS), and visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and patient satisfaction. Radiological evaluation was made. Complications and re-operations were analyzed.

Mean post-operative follow-up was 10.3 (range 5-16) years for both groups. At the final follow-up, there was no significant difference between groups in the KSS-knee (p=0.228) or KSS-function (p=0.324) score, VAS-pain (p=0.563), VAS-satisfaction (p=0.780), major complication rate (p=0.194), or TKA survival at 10 years (p=0.091).

The present study showed comparable good functional outcomes and survival at long-term between RHK and CCK arthroplasties. Both designs can be recommended for revision of total knee arthroplasty with symptomatic extension instability.

Level III.

Level III.

Bereavement has been associated with increases in immune/inflammatory and neuroendocrine reactions, cardiovascular events, nonspecific physical symptoms, mental conditions, and health care utilization. However, little is known about bereavement effects in younger samples, multiple health effects within samples, or prebereavement to postbereavement health changes.

To determine the effect of bereavement on the prevalence of medical conditions and utilization of health care.

This study examined the prevalence of 15 medical conditions and health care utilization before and in the first and second years after bereavement in a population of 1375 U.S. military widows and compared them to those of 1375 nonbereaved U.S. military control wives.

Compared with controls, widows showed greater increases in prebereavement levels of prevalence of ill-defined conditions and mental health conditions in years 1 and 2 following bereavement. Health care utilization also increased for widows compared with controls. Utilization was highest for widows with comorbid ill-defined conditions and mental health conditions.

The increased prevalence of both ill-defined conditions and mental health diagnoses following bereavement and the resultant need for increased health care utilization in this help-seeking sample suggest a need for proactive health monitoring of all military widows to identify and treat mental health conditions, as well as recognize manifestations of physical symptoms, in those who may not seek treatment.

The increased prevalence of both ill-defined conditions and mental health diagnoses following bereavement and the resultant need for increased health care utilization in this help-seeking sample suggest a need for proactive health monitoring of all military widows to identify and treat mental health conditions, as well as recognize manifestations of physical symptoms, in those who may not seek treatment.During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been confronted with faces covered by surgical-like masks. This raises a question about how our brains process this kind of visual information. Thus, the aims of the current study were twofold (1) to investigate the role of attention in the processing of different types of faces with masks, and (2) to test whether such partial information about faces is treated similarly to fully visible faces. Participants were tasked with the simple detection of self-, close-other's, and unknown faces with and without a mask; this task relies on attentional processes. Event-related potential (ERP) findings revealed a similar impact of surgical-like masks for all faces the amplitudes of early (P100) and late (P300, LPP) attention-related components were higher for faces with masks than for fully visible faces. Amplitudes of N170 were similar for covered and fully visible faces, and sources of brain activity were located in the fusiform gyri in both cases. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) revealed that irrespective of whether the algorithm was trained to discriminate three types of faces either with or without masks, it was able to effectively discriminate faces that were not presented in the training phase.

This work was conducted to compare the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated and osteogenic differentiated canine (xenogeneic) and guinea pig (allogeneic) BMSCs in fracture healing using guinea pig as a model.

A well-characterized homogenous population of third passage mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin was used in all the experiments. MSCs from both the species, i.e., canine and guinea pigs, were differentiated and characterized. Expression of MHC I and II along with co-stimulatory molecules was assessed based on relative mRNA expression. The osteogenic differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs from both species were used for evaluating fracture healing in the guinea pig model. The healing potential was assessed based on radiographic, histopathology, and clinical observations.

BMSCs from both species expressed MSC surface antigens and successfully differentiated to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. The mRNA expression of class I and II MHC molecules in all the three lineages showed no significant (p>0.05) differences after differentiating to adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Radiographic and clinical examination revealed that MSCs therapy significantly improved bone fracture healing with a non-significant (p>0.05) difference between differentiated and undifferentiated BMSCs. In addition, allogeneic MSCs therapy performed better than xenogeneic therapy.

MSCs remained hypo immunogenic after differentiation and have comparable fracture healing potential though allogeneic MSCs have better therapeutic potential than xenogenic MSCs.

MSCs remained hypo immunogenic after differentiation and have comparable fracture healing potential though allogeneic MSCs have better therapeutic potential than xenogenic MSCs.

Fluoxetine hydrochloride is one of the most commonly used antidepressants in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class.

The study was conducted to detect the effect of chronic fluoxetine treatment on pars distalis and the possible therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs).

Thirty healthy male adult albino rats were classified into four groups. Control group (Group I) included fifteen rats. Fluoxetine treated (Group II) included five rats that received 24mg/kg/day of fluoxetine dissolved in 1.0ml of tap water once a day for 30 days. Fluoxetine group treated with ADSCs (Group III) included five rats that received fluoxetine as group (II) for 30 days, then supplied once by ADSCs at a dose of 1×10

cells/rat in the tail vein suspended in 0.5ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Recovery group (Group IV) included five rats that received fluoxetine as the group (II) then received no treatment till the end of the experiment. Samples from pars distalis were processed for light, electron microscopic examination, morphometrical and statistical analyses.

In the fluoxetine-treated group, there was a disruption in cellular architecture, size, shape, and staining characteristics of pars distalis cells. The administration of ADSCs significantly improved the microscopic appearance of cells, while the recovery group showed some histological changes similar to the fluoxetine group.

Fluoxetine induced various deleterious changes in the pars distalis of albino rats. These changes were almost corrected by the ADSCs treatment.

Fluoxetine induced various deleterious changes in the pars distalis of albino rats. These changes were almost corrected by the ADSCs treatment.This study aims to investigate the expression levels of fibrinogen α chain (FGA) in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines, clarify its role in gastric cancer progression, and explore its underlying mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis, Immunoblot, Immunohistochemical (IHC), and quantitative PCR assays were performed to assess the expression of FGA in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were performed to detect its role in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Wound healing, transwell, and Immunofluorescence were performed to detect its effects on gastric cancer cell motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes. Luciferase and CHIP assays were performed to confirm the transcriptional regulation of FGA on ITGA5. Immunoblot assays and double-label RFP-GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to detect its effects on gastric cancer cell autophagy and FAK/ERK pathway, and in vivo tumor growth assays were further performed. We found the low expression of FGA in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. FGA suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation, motility, and EMT process, and stimulated cell autophagy. We further found that FGA suppressed the expression of Integrin-α5 (ITGA5) and inhibited the FAK/ERK pathway, therefore suppressing the progression of gastric cancer. The in vivo assays further confirmed that FGA suppressed tumor growth of gastric cancer cells in the BALB/c nude mice (18-22 g, female, 8-week-old) through suppressing ITGA5-mediated FAK/ERK pathway in mice. We demonstrated the mechanism underlying FGA suppressing gastric cancer progression, and therefore we thought FGA could serve as a tumor suppressor protein in gastric cancer.