Celikwilhelmsen2519

In this review paper, we address two vital design considerations that govern the high-temperature operation of a thickness-shear mode langasite resonator (i) electrode design, and (ii) electrode material. Optimal electrode designs to mitigate unwanted spurious modes and achieve a high Q-factor for fundamental and higher overtone modes have been discussed in great detail. Governing equations that determine the size, shape, and orientation of these electrodes have also been presented. In addition, the suitability of six platinum-group metals as electrode materials for high-temperature resonators have been assessed and summarized. Furthermore, the adhesion to the substrate, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and various other temperature-dependent properties of these metals have been discussed. Finally, several combinations and operating ranges of these electrode materials have been thoroughly evaluated.Structural and electrode material engineering methodology to attain quality factor enhancement in a support transducer enabled Wine-glass and Lamé mode resonator has been demonstrated in this work. To boost the quality factor, a series of short mechanical couplers is utilized to link the central resonant structure with the piezoelectric transducer arms. Two different top electrode materials are investigated, and the effect of metal loading on the performance of aluminum nitride (AlN)-on-Si-based resonator is investigated in detail. The new resonator design strategy improves the quality factor of the Wine-glass resonator from 9800 to 16 300 while still being able to maintain a spurious-free spectrum for a 200-MHz span, which is crucial for oscillator applications. An optimized oscillation system is realized using a commercially available low-noise amplifier. Careful positioning of the passive components is utilized to attain an ideal operating point for the resonator in the closed-loop condition. Using this scheme, Wine-glass and Lamé mode resonator-based high-performance oscillators with a low phase noise of -133.6 and -132.7dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset and -153.7 and -150.4 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, respectively, which satisfy that the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication requirements are attained when normalized to a 13-MHz carrier frequency.Multichannel pulse-echo ultrasound using linear arrays and single-channel data acquisition systems opens new perspectives for the evaluation of cortical bone. In combination with spectral backscatter analysis, it can provide quantitative information about cortical microstructural properties. We present a numerical study, based on the finite-difference time-domain method, to estimate the backscatter cross section of randomly distributed circular pores in a bone matrix. A model that predicts the backscatter coefficient using arbitrary pore diameter distributions was derived. In an ex vivo study on 19 human tibia bones (six males, 13 females, 83.7 ± 8.4 years), multidirectional ultrasound backscatter measurements were performed using an ultrasound scanner equipped with a 6-MHz 128-element linear array with sweep motor control. A normalized depth-dependent spectral analysis was performed to derive backscatter and attenuation coefficients. Site-matched reference values of tissue acoustic impedance Z , cortical thickness (Ct.Th), pore density (Ct.Po.Dn), porosity (Ct.Po), and characteristic parameters of the pore diameter (Ct.Po.Dm) distribution were obtained from 100-MHz scanning-acoustic microscopy images. Proximal femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD), stiffness S , and ultimate force Fu from the same donors were available from a previous study. All pore structure and material properties could be predicted using linear combinations of backscatter parameters with a median to high accuracy (0.28 ≤ adjusted R2 ≤ 0.59). The combination of cortical thickness and backscatter parameter provided similar or better prediction accuracies than aBMD. For the first time, a method for the noninvasive assessment of the pore diameter distribution in cortical bone by ultrasound is proposed. Tenapanor cost The combined assessment of cortical thickness, sound velocity, and pore size distribution in a mobile, nonionizing measurement system could have a major impact on preventing osteoporotic fractures.Over the last two decades, rituximab (RTX) has played an important role in the treatment of some lymphoproliferative malignancies and immune-mediated diseases. RTX administration is generally safe and well-tolerated, but side effects including late-onset neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, hepatitis B reactivation and rare cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have been observed after its administration. Although there are no absolute contraindications regarding its use in people living with HIV (PLWH), the prescription of this drug has been principally limited in patients with oncohematological diseases. In this report, we described the outcome of four PLWH who underwent RTX therapy after the diagnosis of immune-mediated renal disease. The main RTX-associated adverse effects were leukopenia, late-onset neutropenia and decline of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts. In addition, two of the four patients experienced pneumonia requiring hospitalization within six months from the last RTX infusion. We suggest that RTX should be used with caution in PLWH until further evidence emerges on its safety profile in this vulnerable population.The aim of this study was to examine the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with anogenital condylomata acuminata (CA) and their association with recurrence and squamous intraepithelial neoplasia development. We conducted a descriptive study in 95 patients that had undergone surgical treatment for CA. The descriptive data, disease characteristics, and pre-treatment peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (PIBs) were recorded retrospectively. All parameters were compared in those with recurrent and non-recurrent CA. All PIBs were significantly higher in patients with the greatest genital wart size of >2 cm in the squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) group. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31 and 33, known to carry high risk for anogenital cancer, were significantly related to higher SII. Greater wart size, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and higher PLR and SII values were highly associated with recurrent disease (p = 0.