Lauridsenmoore2194

The conductive sponge composite sensor possesses good reliability and durability and can be applied to real-time monitoring of human body movements.A large proportion of the complexity and redundancy of LC-MS metabolomics data comes from adduct formation. To reduce such redundancy, many tools have been developed to recognize and annotate adduct ions. These tools rely on predefined adduct lists that are generated empirically from reversed-phase LC-MS studies. In addition, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is gaining popularity in metabolomics studies due to its enhanced performance over other methods for polar compounds. HILIC methods typically use high concentrations of buffer salts to improve chromatographic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze adduct formation in HILIC metabolomics. To this end, we developed covariant ion analysis (COVINA) to investigate metabolite adduct formation. Using this tool, we completely annotated 201 adduct and fragment ions from 10 metabolites. Many of the metabolite adduct ions were found to contain cluster ions corresponding to mobile phase additives. We further utilized COVINA to find the major ionized forms of metabolites. Our results show that for some metabolites, the adduct ion signals can be >200-fold higher than the signals from the deprotonated form, offering better sensitivity for targeted metabolomics analysis. Finally, we developed an in-source CID ramping (InCIDR) method to analyze the intensity changes of the adduct and fragment ions from metabolites. Our analysis demonstrates a promising method to distinguish the protonated and deprotonated ions of metabolites from the adduct and fragment ions.Lightweight, broad-band, and highly efficient microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) with tunable electromagnetic properties are in high demand. However, the absorption properties are limited by the simple loss mechanism in commonly used absorbing materials. Here, we tested the microwave-absorbing properties of Fe-NiS2/NiS/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. For the 2.5% Fe-NiS2/NiS/PVDF with the filling content of 20 wt %, the maximum reflection loss can reach -61.72 dB at 14.88 GHz, and the bandwidth can reach 3.8 GHz with the reflection loss value below -10 dB. Loss mechanisms of different composites were analyzed on the basis of their magnetic and dielectric properties using both experimental and computational methods. The results indicate that strong microwave absorption property is achieved through a balancing of dielectric loss and magnetic loss. These findings present a new strategy for the future design of MAMs.Capacitive deionization (CDI) has become a promising method to solve the shortage of freshwater resources recently. However, the co-ion expulsion effect obviously hinders electrosorption capacity and charge efficiency of CDI. In this work, an asymmetric CDI cell is assembled in which Na+-intercalated Ti3C2Tx (NaOH-Ti3C2Tx) serves as a cation-selective cathode, while the activated carbon (AC) serves as the anode. The NaOH-Ti3C2Tx with negatively charged surface groups (-OH, -O, and -F) is adopted to weaken the co-ion expulsion effect. Benefited from the synergistic effect of the reduced co-ion expulsion effect and expanded interlayer space, the asymmetric CDI cell achieves a higher electrosorption capacity of 12.19 mg g-1 and a higher charge efficiency of 0.826 compared with the symmetric one composed of AC (4.55 mg g-1 and 0.306) in 100 mg L-1 NaCl solution. High cyclic stability of the as-prepared asymmetric CDI cell is also observed. The improved desalination performance indicates that NaOH-Ti3C2Tx is a promising alternative as cation-selective cathode material for asymmetric CDI cells. The desalination mechanism is discussed in detail to lay the foundation for further improvement of the CDI performance of other 2D materials like MXene.Aqueous solution state host-guest systems have been studied, comprising the large host cucurbit[10]uril with luminescent cationic tris(polypyridyl) (PP) metal complexes [Ru(PP)3]2+ and [Ir(PP)3]3+. All complexes bind strongly with the host, with the overall complex charge and size having a minor effect on affinity but influencing the association dynamics and contribution from higher-order (12) host-guest species. The 12 species contributes more significantly to the binding equilibrium in the case of [Ru(phen)3]2+. The effect of the host upon emission is highly variable and depends on the electronic structure of the guest. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission of [Ru(PP)3]2+ is strongly quenched, in contrast to the large enhancements seen previously for MLCT emission of iridium cyclometalated complexes, while the ligand-centered emission of [Ir(PP)3]3+ is little affected. The mechanisms of quenching and enhancement are discussed, together with the implications for the design of larger supramolecular assemblies based on these archetypal emitters.Good wetting is generally observed for liquid metals on metallic substrates, while poor wetting usually occurs for metals on insulating oxides. In this work, we report unexpected large contact angles for lead on two metallic approximants to decagonal quasicrystals, namely, Al5Co2 and Al13Co4. Intrinsic surface wettability is predicted from first principles, using a thermodynamic model based on the Young equation, and validated by the good agreement with experimental measurements performed under ultra-high vacuum by scanning electron microscopy. The atomistic details of the atomic and electronic structures at the Pb-substrate interface, and the comparison with Pb(111)/Al(111), underline the influence of the specific electronic structures of quasicrystalline approximants on wetting. Our work suggests a possible correlation of the contact angles with the density of states at the Fermi energy and paves the way for a better fundamental understanding of wettability on intermetallic substrates, which has potential consequences in several applications such as supported catalysts, protective coatings, or crystal growth.The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. Through a series of drug repurposing screening campaigns, niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, was found to be effective against various viral infections with nanomolar to micromolar potency such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, ZIKV, HCV, and human adenovirus, indicating its potential as an antiviral agent. In this brief review, we summarize the broad antiviral activity of niclosamide and highlight its potential clinical use in the treatment of COVID-19.We report a miniaturized filter aided sample preparation method (micro-FASP) for low-loss preparation of submicrogram proteomic samples. The method employs a filter with ∼0.1 mm2 surface area, reduces the total volume of reagents to less then 10 μL, and requires only two sample transfer steps. The method was used to generate 25 883 unique peptides and 3069 protein groups from 1000 MCF-7 cells (∼100 ng protein content), and 13 367 peptides and 1895 protein groups were identified from 100 MCF-7 cells (∼10 ng protein content). Single blastomeres from Xenopus laevis embryos at the 50-cell stage (∼200 ng yolk free protein/blastomere) generated 20 943 unique peptides and 2597 protein groups; the proteomic profile clearly differentiated left and right blastomeres and provides strong support for models in which this asymmetry is established early in the embryo. The parallel processing of 12 samples demonstrates reproducible label free quantitation of 1 μg protein homogenates.Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) is used to directly, sensitively, and simultaneously measure colloidal interactions, dynamics, and deposition for a broad range of polymer-surfactant compositions. A deposition state diagram containing comprehensive information about particle interactions, trajectories, and deposition behavior is obtained for polymer-surfactant compositions covering four decades in both polymer and surfactant concentrations. Bulk polymer-surfactant phase behavior and surface properties are characterized to provide additional information to interpret mechanisms. Materials investigated include cationic acrylamide-acrylamidopropyltrimonium copolymer (AAC), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) surfactant, silica colloids, and glass microscope slides. Measured colloid-substrate interaction potentials and deposition behavior show nonmonotonic trends vs polymer-surfactant composition and appear to be synergistic in the sense that they are not easily explained as the superposition of single-component-mediated interactions. Broad findings show that at some compositions polymer-surfactant complexes mediate bridging and depletion attractions that promote colloidal deposition, whereas other compositions produce electrosteric repulsion that deters colloidal deposition. selleck compound These findings illustrate mechanisms underlying colloid-surface interactions in polymer-surfactant mixtures, which are important to controlling selective colloidal deposition in multicomponent formulation applications.Few-layer (FL) transition-metal dichalcogenides have drawn attention for nanoelectronics applications due to their improved mobility, owing to the partial screening of charged impurities at the oxide interface. However, under realistic operating conditions, dissipation leads to self-heating, which is detrimental to electronic and thermal properties. We fabricated a series of FL-WSe2 devices and measured their I-V characteristics, while their temperatures were quantified by Raman thermometry and simulated from first principles. Our tightly integrated electrothermal study shows that Joule heating leads to a significant layer-dependent temperature rise, which affects mobility and alters the flow of current through the stack. This causes the temperatures in the top layers to increase dramatically, degrading their mobility and causing the current to reroute to the bottom of the FL stack where thermal conductance is higher. We discover that this current rerouting phenomenon improves heat removal because the current flows through layers closer to the substrate, limiting the severity of self-heating and its impact on carrier mobility. We also observe significant lateral heat removal via the contacts because of longer thermal healing length in the top layers and explore the optimum number of layers to maximize mobility in FL devices. Our study will impact future device designs and lead to further improvements in thermal management in van der Waals (vdW)-based devices.The development of an electronic skin patch that can be used in underwater environments can be considered essential for fabricating long-term wearable devices and biomedical applications. Herein, we report a stretchable conductive polymer composite (CPC) patch on which an octopus sucker-inspired structure is formed to conformally contact with biological skin that may be rough and wet. The patch is patterned with a hexagonal mesh structure for water and air permeability. The patch films are suited for a strain sensor or a stretchable electrode as their piezoresistive responses can be controlled by changing the concentration of conductive fillers to polymeric polyurethane. The CPC patch with a hexagonal mesh pattern (HMP) can be easily stretched for a strain sensor and is insensitive to tensile strain, making the patch suitable as a stretchable electrode. Furthermore, the octopus-like structures formed on the skeleton of the HMP allow the patch to maintain strong adhesion underwater by easily draining excess water trapped between the patch and skin.