Crosbybladt5714

A mathematical model of the HNF4A regulatory circuit shows the emergence of different states corresponding to compensatory metabolism, proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as observed in single-cell RNA sequencing data of liver regeneration. We show that a mutually exclusive behavior emerges due to the bistable inactivation of HNF4A, which controls the initiation and termination of liver regeneration and different population-level behaviour.Recently, the crystal structure of violet phosphorus and its monolayer violet phosphorene (VP) have been reconfirmed experimentally, and they were verified to be more thermally stable than their allotrope, black phosphorus. Here, we calculated the carrier mobility of monolayer VP using density functional theory. It is found that the carrier mobility is highly anisotropic and the hole mobility reaches 9.86 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the a-direction, endowing the potential application of VP in p-type semiconductor channel materials. Moreover, the Schottky barrier of the graphene/VP heterojunction turns into an ohmic contact when the electric field strength is >2 V nm-1. Therefore, VP and graphene/VP heterojunctions have potential prospects in electronic devices.A salicylaldehyde Schiff base hybrid lead iodide perovskite [SAPD]PbI3 (SAPD = 1-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyridin-1-ium) was found to show a robust nonlinear optical response and large spontaneous polarization. We expect this work to inspire researchers to investigate the optical control of ferroelectricity in hybrid perovskites.Snake bites are a neglected tropical disease, causing mortality and severe damage to various vital organs like the nervous system, kidneys and heart. There is increasing interest in designing new antivenom treatments that are more specific to particular groups (either taxonomic or regional) of species, given the increasing evidence that current polyvalent Indian antivenom is ineffective in many situations. Under these circumstances, being able to detect the species, or a group of species, responsible for the envenomation becomes important. Unfortunately, no such diagnostic tool is available in the Indian market. Such a tool will need to be rapid, sensitive and affordable. To address this need, we have combined the power of nanotechnology and paper microfluidics and herein report a device that has the ability to detect and differentiate viper venom from elapid and scorpion venom. In principle, this assay is based on the release of the dye from the stimuli-responsive glutaraldehyde cross-linked methylene blue-loaded gelatin (GMG) nanoparticles in the presence of snake venom metalloproteases and serine proteases. The developed equipment-free assay can detect and discriminate viper venom from that of elapids and scorpions. The low-end detection limit of the sensor is ∼3.0 ng for the saw-scaled viper Echis carinatus, while the same for Russell's viper Daboia russelii is ∼6.0 ng. The performance of the sensor remains unaltered for different batches of GMG nanoparticles. Altogether, this finding establishes the role of nanotechnology and paper microfluidics in the rapid and accurate detection of viper venom.Multimodal imaging can provide multidimensional information for understanding concealed microstructures or bioprocesses in biological objects. The combination of over-1000 nm near-infrared (OTN-NIR) fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is promising in providing high sensitivity and structural information of lesions. This combination can be facilitated by the development of an imaging probe. The OTN-NIR and MR bimodal fluorescence probes reported to date primarily involve ceramic particles for fluorescence and MRI contrast enhancement effect. In this study, we designed a new bimodal OTN-NIR/MR imaging probe from organic components including an OTN-NIR fluorescent organic dye (IR-1061) encapsulated in the core of a micelle composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (PLGA-PEG). For the MRI contrast, gadobutrol (Gd-DOTA) was introduced at the end of the PEG chain at various ratios. Thereafter, the OTN-NIR fluorescence and MR bimodal imaging probes of ca. 20 nm in size were successfully prepared and applied in mouse imaging. The probe exhibited absorption and emission in the OTN-NIR, and T1 contrast enhancement effects on MRI. Moreover, it demonstrated bright OTN-NIR fluorescence and MRI contrast enhancement to depict veins and observe the organs in live mice. The imaging results revealed that the Gd-DOTA introduction ratio is of great importance for controlling the biological response of the probe without reducing the contrast enhancement effect.Covalent organic framework materials (COFs), a kind of porous organic material, have excellent potential application in the field of sample pretreatment due to their high surface areas and thermal stability. In this work, a porous imine-based COF, named BP-COF, was fabricated by a solvothermal method using 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene as monomers. After a series of structural characterization studies, the BP-COF was used as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the extraction and enrichment of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites. Several parameters were investigated during the extraction process, including the sorbent dosage, loading pH value, the washing and elution solvent, and the breakthrough volume. By coupling with UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, a sensitive and facile method was established for the quantitation analysis of NDZs. Under the optimum conditions, a low detection limit (0.015-0.12 ng mL-1) and wide linearity (0.2-500 ng mL-1) with higher R2 were obtained. In addition, the developed method was applied for the determination of NDZs in four water samples with recoveries in the range of 71.7-115.9% and RSDs less than 8.3%. The results indicated that the BP-COF shows great potential for the enrichment of NDZs in water samples.A tricationic tris(pyridylpalladium(II)) metallacyclophane was prepared from 3,5-dibromopyridine by a successive treatment with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), diphosphine, and silver salt. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the metallacyclophane incorporated one of three counter anions into its hole-shaped cavity to form multidentate C-H⋯anion interactions. Solution-phase 1H NMR experiments in DMSO-d6 indicated that the metallacyclophane exhibited selective binding behavior toward nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, p-toluenesulfonate, perchlorate, and hydrogen sulfate ions, whereas the hexafluoroantimonate ion exhibited only weak interaction toward the metallacyclophane. This anion recognition behavior was further demonstrated by an extraction experiment of water-soluble sulfonate dyes.Individual differences in tactile acuity are observed within and between age cohorts. Such differences in acuity may be attributed to various sources, including aspects of nervous system, skin mechanics, finger size, cognitive and behavioral factors, etc. This work considers individual differences, within a younger cohort of participants, in discriminating compliant surfaces. These participants exhibit a range of finger size and stiffness. Interestingly, both their finger size and stiffness well predict their discriminative performance, where softer/smaller fingers outperform stiffer/larger fingers. Stereo imaging captured biomechanical cues in the skin's deformation, including contact area and penetration depth, and their change rates. In those individuals with stiffer/larger fingers, who perceptually performed worse, we observed less distinguishable contact areas and eccentricities, compared to softer/smaller fingers. These particular cues well predicted individual differences observed in perceptual discrimination. In comparison, with two other cues, curvature and penetration depth, the imaging readily distinguished the compliant surfaces irrespective of finger stiffness/size, not aligned with discrimination. In conclusion, in passive touch, we find that individuals with softer/smaller fingers were better at discriminating compliances, and that certain skin deformation cues predict individual differences in perception.

Depression is one of the most common comorbidities of chronic diseases including diabetes and obstructive lung diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma). Obstructive lung diseases and depression have few symptoms in common. However, they are both common in adults and associated with chronic inflammation. It is not clear if their coappearance in diabetic patients is coincidental or associated beyond that expected by chance.

A total of 1,003 adults with diabetes in community practice settings were interviewed at home at the time of their enrolment into the Vermont Diabetes Information System, a clinical decision support program. LF3 in vitro Patients self-reported their personal and clinical characteristics, including any obstructive lung disease. Laboratory data were obtained directly from the clinical laboratory, and current medications were obtained by direct observation of medication containers. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the interviewed subjects to assess a possible association between the prevalence of obstructive lung disease and depression.

In a multivariate logistic regression model, obstructive lung disease was significantly associated with depression even after correcting for gender, obesity (≥30 kg/m

), high comorbidities (>2), low annual income (<$30,000/ year), cigarette smoking, alcohol problems, and education level (odds ratio=1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.27, 2.62;

<0.01).

These data suggest a potential enhanced association between obstructive lung disease and depression in patients with diabetes. Future studies are needed to identify if inflammation is implicated in this association as a common denominator.

These data suggest a potential enhanced association between obstructive lung disease and depression in patients with diabetes. Future studies are needed to identify if inflammation is implicated in this association as a common denominator.Consumption Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs) are probabilistic decision-making models of resource-constrained systems. We introduce FiMDP, a tool for controller synthesis in CMDPs with LTL objectives expressible by deterministic Büchi automata. The tool implements the recent algorithm for polynomial-time controller synthesis in CMDPs, but extends it with many additional features. On the conceptual level, the tool implements heuristics for improving the expected reachability times of accepting states, and a support for multi-agent task allocation. On the practical level, the tool offers (among other features) a new strategy simulation framework, integration with the Storm model checker, and FiMDPEnv - a new set of CMDPs that model real-world resource-constrained systems. We also present an evaluation of FiMDP on these real-world scenarios.While image understanding on recognition-level has achieved remarkable advancements, reliable visual scene understanding requires comprehensive image understanding on recognition-level but also cognition-level, which calls for exploiting the multi-source information as well as learning different levels of understanding and extensive commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel Cognitive Attention Network (CAN) for visual commonsense reasoning to achieve interpretable visual understanding. Specifically, we first introduce an image-text fusion module to fuse information from images and text collectively. Second, a novel inference module is designed to encode commonsense among image, query and response. Extensive experiments on large-scale Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) benchmark dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The implementation is publicly available at https//github.com/tanjatang/CAN.