Padillasykes4105

Few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). The present study tested the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention (versus supportive psychotherapy) among adults with IED. In this randomized clinical trial, 44 participants with IED (22 men and 22 women) aged 20-55 years completed twelve 50-minute individual sessions of either a multi-component cognitive behavioral intervention for IED (n = 19) or a time equated supportive psychotherapy (n = 25). At baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up, all participants received the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified, which was conducted by an interviewer who was blind to the participant's study condition. During these visits, participants also completed self-report measures of relational aggression (Self-Report of Relational Aggression and Social Behavior), anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2), cognitive biases (e.g., Social Information Processing Questionnaire Attribution and Emotional Response Questionnaire), and associated symptoms (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory). Primary study outcomes were aggressive behavior and anger. Though participants in both treatments tended to improve over time, the cognitive behavioral intervention was superior to supportive psychotherapy in decreasing aggressive behavior and relational aggression. These findings support the efficacy of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention in treating aggression in IED.Relational frame theory (RFT) is a modern behavioral account of human language and cognition, which focuses on relations or propositions, rather than associations, as core explanatory constructs. In an attempt to measure such propositions, RFT researchers have developed the implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP). It has been argued that the size of an IRAP effect may provide a metric for psychological inflexibility. The current study aimed to determine whether psychological inflexibility, as measured by the self-focused Natural Language-IRAP (NL-IRAP), would be higher in a clinical sample of individuals with a diagnosis of PTSD (N = 29) when compared to a nonclinical sample. Subsequently, the study investigated whether the self-focused NL-IRAP could be used to predict the presence of a clinical diagnosis, using a ROC analysis. As predicted, higher levels of psychological inflexibility were observed for the clinical group. The self-focused NL-IRAP also correctly classified the presence of PTSD (AUC = 76%) with a sensitivity level of 79.3% and a specificity level of 59.2%. Overall, the use of the IRAP as a nonassociative clinical measure appears promising.Adolescents with elevated social anxiety commonly experience peer-related impairments - particularly with same-age, unfamiliar peers - stemming from their avoidant behaviors. LY3473329 molecular weight Yet, peer-related impairments are not unique to social anxiety. For example, adolescents who experience social anxiety may also experience symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which also increase risk for peer-related impairments. Relative to social anxiety, peer-related impairments linked to ADHD symptoms more likely stem from hyperactivity (i.e., approach behaviors). These distinct pathways point to adolescents with elevated social anxiety and ADHD symptoms (i.e., social anxiety + ADHD) experiencing particularly high peer-related impairments, which commonly manifest as behavioral displays of low social skills when interacting with unfamiliar peers. We tested this notion in a mixed-clinical/community sample of 134 14- to 15-year-old adolescents and their parents. Adolescents participated in a series of social interaction tasks designed to simulate how adolescents interact with same-age, unfamiliar peers. Trained observers independently rated adolescents on observed social skills within these interactions. Both parents and adolescents completed parallel surveys of social anxiety and ADHD symptoms, which we used to identify social anxiety + ADHD adolescents as well as other combinations of social anxiety and ADHD symptoms (i.e., neither, elevated on one but not the other). Adolescents with social anxiety + ADHD displayed significantly lower social skills, relative to all other groups. Among adolescents, social anxiety + ADHD may have a compounding effect on social skills. As such, therapists working with social anxiety + ADHD adolescents should probe for peer-related impairments and factors implicated in the development and maintenance of these impairments.In response to shortcomings with the current diagnostic classification system for mental health disorders, such as poor validity and reliability of categorical diagnoses, the National Institute of Mental Health proposed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to move towards a dimensional approach using translational research. The current study examined associations between measures of behaviors, cognitions, and mental health symptoms and how they overlap in the Negative Valence Systems (NVS) domain. Specifically, we examined how the Self-Reports unit of analysis reflects the RDoC NVS constructs of acute threat, potential threat, sustained threat, frustrative nonreward, and loss. The overall goal was to identify additional self-report measures that reflect these constructs. Participants, two student samples and two community samples (total N = 1,509), completed online self-reported measures. Questionnaire total and subscale scores were submitted to a principal-axis factor analysis with Promax rotation separately for each sample. For both student samples and one community sample six-factor solutions emerged reflecting major aspects of the RDoC NVS and positive valence systems, particularly acute threat (i.e., fear/panic), potential threat (i.e., inhibition/worry), sustained threat (i.e., chronic stress), loss (i.e., low well-being), frustrative nonreward (i.e., reactive aggression), and reduced behavioral activation. The second community sample differed in that fear/panic and frustration/anger was combined in a general distress factor. Recommendations for additional NVS self-report markers are discussed.Black adults with anxiety and/or depressive disorders underutilize outpatient psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment compared to White adults. Notably, anxiety and depressive disorders tend to be chronic and Black individuals with these disorders experience greater functional impairment than White individuals. Documented racial disparities in mental health treatment initiation indicate a need for research that addresses culture-specific barriers to treatment. This review paper critically evaluates existing theoretical models of treatment seeking among Black adults to inform a novel integrated, culturally contextualized model. This model extends previous ones by incorporating factors relevant to treatment seeking among Black adults (e.g., racial identity, perceived discrimination, medical mistrust) and critically examines how these factors intersect with key factors at three levels of influence of the treatment seeking process the individual level, the community level, and the societal level. We posit interactions among factors at the three levels of influence and how these may impact treatment seeking decisions among Black adults. This model informs suggestions for enhancing interventions designed to support outpatient service use among Black adults.The aim of this study was to assess coronary artery and aortic calcification in healthy controls, angina pectoris patients, and prostate cancer patients using 18F-sodium fluoride PET/computed tomography (NaF-PET/CT). A retrospective analysis compared 33 prostate cancer patients with 33 healthy subjects and 33 patients with angina pectoris. Increased target-to-background ratio (TBR) of the coronary arteries, ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta was observed in cancer patients compared to healthy controls but not compared to angina pectoris patients. These results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing vascular microcalcification with NaF-PET/CT, with significant differences in uptake according to comorbidities.18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/computed tomography (CT) allows detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of assessing global metastatic bone disease in patients with PCa by using a threshold-based PET segmentation technique. This retrospective analysis was performed in 32 patients with PCa with known bone metastases who underwent NaF-PET/CT imaging. An adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding technique was used to segment NaF avid lesions. The mean metabolic volumetric product (MVPmean), partial volume-corrected MVPmean (cMVPmean), and metabolically active volume (MAV) were calculated. Lesional values were summed within each patient to obtain the global PET disease burden. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the associations between global NaF-PET/CT metrics and clinical biomarkers of metastatic disease activity. Global MVPmean, cMVPmean, and MAV were significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (p less then 0.05). No correlation was observed between global NaF-PET/CT measures and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Global assessment is a feasible method to quantify metastatic bone disease activity in patients with PCa. Convergent validity was supported by demonstrating a significant correlation between NaF-PET/CT parameters and blood ALP levels.18F-Fluciclovine PET is approved for the evaluation of patients with suspected prostate cancer recurrence. 18F-Fluciclovine PET is highly specific for the localization of extraprostatic disease even with negative conventional images and low prostate-specific antigen and has been reported to influence patients' management and improve outcome. With the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET, 18F-Fluciclovine is likely to be used as an adjunct modality in patients with suspected occult local recurrence and/or negative PSMA findings.Imaging in prostate cancer has become increasingly important over time, as the incidence of prostate cancer has been on the rise and better screening techniques have emerged. The development of personalized systemic therapies highlights the unmet need for whole-body imaging. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET, with its ease of performance and mechanism of localization to prostatic tumor cells, has now emerged as a preferred modality for diagnosis, staging, and treatment response assessment. In this context, PSMA PET can help in mapping the disease extent, both the skeletal and visceral spread, to plan targeted therapeutic approaches.Much of the modern growth in nuclear medicine has been driven by PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in men with prostate cancer. Fluorine-18 is the ideal PET radionuclide with a moderately long half-life, high positron yield, low positron energy, and cyclotron-based production. 18F-DCFPyL is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved compound in this class. In this review, we cover a number of aspects of radiofluorinated PSMA PET agents, including their historical development, the early clinical trials, key multicenter registration trials, emerging clinical agents, new compounds that are entering human use, and future directions for the field.