Hougaardnorman2052

Women with diabetes may face health concerns such as menstruation issues, maternal and fetal problems during pregnancy and gynecological diseases, as they are subject to the effects of sex-related and pregnancyrelated hormones that are insulin resistant, adipose cells that act as a supply source of insulin resistance and estrogen after menopause, diabetic angiopathy, increased susceptibility to infection, and other vulnerabilities particular to diabetes. In addition, diabetic treatment and self-care affect their lives as women and mothers, and impact the psycho-social aspects of their lives. To improve diabetic women's QOL, optimal health care in accordance with their life stages is essential. As obstetricians and gynecologists, the usual providers of women's health care, are in short supply, an interprofessional support system must be built in each region to assist nursing professionals who treat diabetic women to collaborate, beyond the scope of their specialties, in supporting these women. This support system should include the women concerned, their families and school officials. With an aim to establish bases to provide support for diabetic women and their physical and psychological issues throughout Japan, we have been conducting studies and putting the results into practice by constructing an interactive support network covering sexuality, pregnancy and childbirth among diabetic women. With the diabetes life support study group for women as a base, a website was launched in 2014 to provide a portal through which we have been offering information and seminars and developing support methods. Future issues to be addressed include securing human and financial bases, information network activities using SNS, and strengthening organizational structures.This study investigated the feasibility of combined padded metatarsal cup on plantar pressures and stress distribution in the bone alignment of female foot with high heeled footwear during balanced standing. The aim of this study is to redistribute the plantar pressure away from the medial side of the forefoot. A combined padded metatarsal cup (CPMC) was developed from medium soft ethylene vinyl acetate (MSEVA) and very soft ethylene propylene diene monomer (VSEPDM) neoprene sponge. The participants of three categories were selected for the study. The peak plantar pressure and a radiographic assessment of foot musculoskeletal alignment were carried out. The results showed that the magnitude of load on medial forefoot area could be effectively reduced by inserting joint of soft materials on metatarsal region. Hence load on hallux could also be reduced satisfactorily which could resist the hallux valgus deformity. A comparison of conventional system and jointing materials separately with the developed prototype was made and found that the developed prototype of CPMC provides more relaxation of plantar pressure and musculoskeletal safety and confirms more comfort on hypothesis test. The concept of combined padded metatarsal cup should therefore be considered to help in designing musculoskeletal safety footwear.Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis involving the skin, kidney, joints, and gastrointestinal tract. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease characterized by periodic fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, or arthritis. It is well known that FMF may coexist with vasculitis, especially small and medium vessel vasculitis. Here we present a Japanese male patient with FMF who later developed IgA vasculitis and a relapsing disease course. A 51-year-old Japanese male was referred because of upper abdominal pain, arthralgia, and bilateral purpura of the lower limbs. He fulfilled the criteria for IgA vasculitis, which was successfully treated by corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. He had a medical history of periodic fever since the age of 10 years old. The Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene analysis revealed that he was heterozygous for M694I and E148Q mutations. Colchicine therapy resolved his periodic febrile attacks. To our knowledge, coexistence of FMF with IgA vasculitis has not been reported in East Asia, including Japan. Our case suggests that MEFV gene exon 10 mutations could be related to the development of IgA vasculitis and affects its clinical course.Yuval Noah Harari's three books, Sapiens A Brief History of Humankind, Homo Deus A Brief History of Tomorrow, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, propose a sweeping world history that takes an externalist view of technology, minimizing the importance of cultural difference and individual free will. His deterministic narrative argues that a single world culture is emerging and that artificial intelligence inevitably will replace human consciousness. In this story, technology is increasingly powerful, while inventors, entrepreneurs, and consumers have little influence over events. A far more convincing popular overview based on a more contextual approach could be constructed based on research on technology and culture that Harari disregards.While many historians, and their students, possess great enthusiasm for the world of images, many fail to use images to their fullest potential as historic sources. The goal of this guide is to provide historians with theoretical and practical tools to help them analyze visual sources and to pass on that knowledge. With this guide in hand, they will be able to interpret visual sources that are vital to, yet under-utilized in, their work. They will also become savvier about using visual sources to communicate their own research and ideas. "Seeing History in 2-D" includes a step-by-step guide for analyzing visual elements within the picture frame and it offers tips to situate images in a broader context, that is, outside the picture frame. With this article in hand, historians and their students will have an accessible and easy-to-read guide to help them cross disciplines and interpret images, which have always been core to how people have made sense of each other and the world around them.American mining engineers operated around the world at the turn of the twentieth century when the United States poised itself as a global power. The article examines three prominent engineers-Hennen Jennings, John Hays Hammond, and Herbert Hoover, later the thirty-first president of the United States-and how they leveraged their expertise and wealth into international renown. Through the writings, speeches, and associations of these three engineers, they became public intellectuals whose discourse addressed the history of their profession; efficiency and conservation practices; professional standards and ethics; and racialist hierarchy. As Americans, they amplified a teleological discourse of Western industrial civilization as dominant and proper they positioned mining as a fundamental aspect of Western civilization. Epitomizing American elites' ideals in the prewar period, they envisioned racialized technological and social progress through efficiency, management, and empire. This article contributes to U.S. history, transnational history, and the intellectual history of engineering and technology.Political events can shape innovations. The 1973 oil embargo pushed the U.S. lighting industry to develop energy-saving lamps and designs. It led to federal mandates for lighting efficiency standards. This article examines changes in lighting system technology during the 1970s and 1980s in their historical context and describes their effect on subsequent public policy. At first, manufacturers introduced novel devices for diverse markets, depending on how much new research was required and whether they expected public demand for efficiency to be temporary or structural. The industry's design practices experienced a contentious cultural shift, in which energy efficiency became the dominant concern rather than a low priority. Post-embargo decisions by producers, conveyors, and consumers combined to shift path dependencies in lighting. They shaped subsequent market and regulatory actions that fed revolutionary changes in lighting in the 2010s.In this article I address the unsolved problem of how the eighteenth-century optical machine generated an illusion of spatial depth and why variations of the apparatus continued to be produced well into the twentieth century when it should have been superseded by technically superior devices such as the stereoscope. I trace, across a diverse constellation of artefacts, design themes and variations that I take as evidence of embedded artisanal knowledge. Optical machine design was inconsistent with eighteenth-century optics, as exemplified by the camera obscura and linear perspective. It reflected an emergent paradigm according to which the forms of the external world are projected by the mind upon incomplete sense data-a process of world-production that philosophers were attempting to explain using metaphors of optical devices like the concave mirror and theater stage. My emphasis on asynchronous progress is a corrective to Jonathan Crary's Foucauldian model of homogenous, successive "scopic regimes."Communication technologies have long generated anxieties about physical and mental well-being. From the 1880s until World War I, concerns about "infection by telephone" in the British press prompted medical authorities and the National Telephone Company to investigate whether using the telephone, especially in public places, increased the possibility of contracting infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and diphtheria. This article reconstructs for the first time these transnational debates and the associated medical experiments. In contrast to previous scholarship, which has conceptualized health concerns associated with the telephone primarily within the framework of a nervous modernity, this article argues that the anxieties about "infectious telephones" also reflected the complex negotiations surrounding the emergence of new telecommunication networks and medical theories. It demonstrates that state and commercial actors, medical knowledge, and print media all shaped notions of public health risks and how to contain them.This article traces the making of a techno-legal apparatus to regulate a new object the "cultured" pearl. In the early 1920s, round pearls cultivated on Japanese farms provoked alarm within the Paris association whose members traded more pearls than anywhere in Europe. Despite their claims to be connoisseurs of surfaces, anti-cultivation pearl dealers in Paris asserted that a pearl's identity could only be ascertained by examining its inner structure. By mid-decade, dedicated pearl testing laboratories appeared and supported French court rulings about what to call the products of Japanese pearl cultivation in relation to "natural" pearls. The meanings of nature and culture were not fixed, but transformed in the 1920s, amid legal and technical efforts to know la perle japonaise inside out.In the eighteenth century, the British Empire attempted to transfer silk reeling technology from Piedmont in Italy to its colony of Georgia in America. The initial scheme involved the Piedmontese spinner Jane Mary Camuse, who, after a few years in Georgia, refused to cooperate as expected. According to the colonial authorities, her insolent behavior was the main reason for the scheme's slow progress. This article exposes this narrative as a self-serving distortion of the colonial archive and reframes the Georgia scheme in light of the embodied expertise of Piedmont's spinners. DIRECT RED 80 I argue that Piedmont's legal system acted on spinners' bodies and constructed them as experts, yet this expertise got lost in migration. The notion of technology transfer proves insufficient to account for the effect of displacement on migrant workers' expertise. By situating embodied expertise in the history of technology transfer, this article argues that the history of machines is incomplete without the history of labor.