Mccainrasch8367

These multi-scale domains highlight that food system approaches that strengthen integrated policy and empower people are essential for healthy and sustainable diets in Solomon Islands and more broadly in the Pacific region. © 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.There is no financial support or other benefits from commercial sources for the work reported on in the manuscript, or any other financial interests that any of the authors may have, which could create a potential conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest with regard to the work. © 2020, American College of Rheumatology.OBJECTIVE Prospective long-term observational studies (LOS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lack a core set of universally collected outcome measures, particularly, patient-centered outcomes (PCO), precluding accurate comparisons across studies. Our aim was to identify long-term outcome measures collected and reported in these studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of registries and LOS of patients with RA searching in ClinicalTrials.gov, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Registry of Patient Registries, and Google Scholar. The names and acronyms of registries and LOS were further searched in the Medline and EMBASE databases to retrieve published articles. Two independent reviewers undertook data collection, quality appraisal, and data extraction. RESULTS We identified 88 registries/LOS that met our eligibility criteria. These were divided into two groups disease-based (52 [59%]) and therapy-based (36 [41%]). Methodological and reporting standards varied across the eligible studies. For clinical outcomes, disease activity was recorded in 88 (100%) of all LOS/registries. The most commonly reported measure (86 [98%]) was the composite outcome, Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). Of the PCOs collected, physical functioning was most frequently reported 75 [85%] with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (75 [85%]) as the most commonly used instrument within this domain. Other domains of PCOs were comparatively infrequently recorded mental (29 [33%]), social (20 [23%]), and health-related quality of life (37 [42%]). CONCLUSION Most registries/LOS collect measures of disease activity and physical function. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the collection of relevant PCOs that measure symptom burden, mental and social ramifications of RA. © 2020, American College of Rheumatology.We thank Dr. Fleischmann for his comments on the working group's recommendations on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity measures. While several studies have shown that DAS28-CRP may underestimate disease activity compared to DAS28-ESR (1-4), there also exists conflicting evidence that the two scores have good agreement (5, 6). More stringent cut-offs for DAS28-CRP have been proposed by both Inoue and Fleischmann to improve agreement with DAS28-ESR disease activity categorization, although the thresholds proposed by the two authors differ somewhat (Table 1). Providers, or those designing clinical trials, may choose to use these more stringent DAS28-CRP cut-offs. However, substituting alternative thresholds is premature at this time as only limited validation of these alternate cut-offs has been completed to date (7). find more © 2020, American College of Rheumatology.Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), an anti-inflammatory adipokine secreted by adipocytes, has been demonstrated to exert its anti-inflammatory effect via antagonizing the non-canonical wingless-type family member 5A (WNT5A) signalling pathways. The WNT5A protein, as a potent pro-inflammatory signalling molecule, is strongly involved in a variety of inflammatory disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. In this review, we systematically outlined the current understanding on the roles of SFRP5 in the pathogenesis of three inflammatory diseases including obesity, T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD). Our review might stimulate future research using SFRP5 as a promising novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, T2DM and CHD. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is reported to play a key role in AKI. Although the M2 macrophages exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, their therapeutic potential has not been evaluated for AKI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of peritoneal M2 macrophage transplantation on AKI in mice. The macrophages were isolated from peritoneal dialysates of mice. The macrophages were induced to undergo M2 polarization using interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. AKI was induced in mice by restoring the blood supply after bilateral renal artery occlusion for 30 minutes. The macrophages were injected into the renal cortex of mice. The changes in renal function, inflammation and tubular proliferation were measured. The M2 macrophages were co-cultured with the mouse primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions in vitro. The PTEC apoptosis and proliferation were analysed. The peritoneal M2 macrophages effectively alleviated the renal injury and inflammatory response in mice with ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and promoted the PTEC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. These results indicated that the peritoneal M2 macrophages ameliorated AKI by decreasing inflammatory response and promoting PTEC proliferation. Hence, the peritoneal M2 macrophage transplantation can serve as a potential cell therapy for renal diseases. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.INTRODUCTION Women with inherited platelet receptor defects (IPRD) may have an increased risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). AIM To present a systematic overview of the literature on the prevalence and management of menstrual and obstetrical bleeding in women with IPRD. link2 METHODS Electronic databases were searched for original patient data on the prevalence and management of HMB and PPH in women with known IPRD or who were being investigated for IPRD. link3 RESULTS Sixty-nine papers (61 case reports/series and 8 cohort studies) were included. Overall, studies were rated as 'poor quality'. The included cohort studies reported HMB in 25% (13/52) of women with Bernard-Soulier syndrome and in 22.1% (34/154) of women with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. In total, 164 deliveries in women with IPRD were described. Excessive bleeding occurred in 16.9% (11/65) of deliveries described in the largest cohort. PPH occurred in 63.2% (55/87) of deliveries described in case reports/series. PPH occurred in 73.7% (14/19) of deliveries that were not covered by prophylaxis compared with 54.2% (32/59) of deliveries that were (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 0.75-7.40). Neonatal bleeding complications were reported in 10.0% (8/80) of deliveries. In all (6/6) deliveries with neonatal bleeding complications wherein the presence of alloantibodies was investigated, either antiplatelet or anti-HLA antibodies were detected. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Menstrual and particularly obstetrical bleeding problems frequently occur in women with IPRD, based on small case reports and series of poor quality. International collaboration, preferably on prospective studies, is needed to improve clinical management of women-specific bleeding in IPRD. © 2020 The Authors. Haemophilia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Warfarin is a narrow therapeutic index anticoagulant drug and its use is associated with infrequent but significant adverse bleeding events. The international normalized ratio (INR) is the most commonly used biomarker to monitor and titrate warfarin therapy. However, INR is derived from a functional assay, which determines clotting efficiency at the time of measurement and is susceptible to technical variability. Protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) has been suggested as a biomarker of long-term vitamin K status, providing mechanistic insights about variation in the functional assay. However, the currently available antibody-based PIVKA-II assay does not inform on the position and number of des-carboxylation sites in prothrombin. The assay presented in this paper provides simultaneous quantification of carboxy and des-carboxy prothrombin that are essential for monitoring early changes in INR and, thus, serves as the superior tool for managing warfarin therapy. Additionally, this assay permits the quantification of total prothrombin level, which is affected by warfarin treatment. Prothrombin recovery from plasma was 95% and the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was linear (r2  = 0.98) with a dynamic range of 1-100 µg/mL. The assay interday precision was within 20%. A des-carboxy peptide of prothrombin (GNLER) was negatively correlated with active prothrombin (Pearson r = 0.99, P  less then  0.0001), whereas its association was positively linked with INR values (Pearson r = 0.75, P  less then  0.015). This novel LC-MS/MS assay for active and inactive prothrombin quantification can be applied to titrate anticoagulant therapy and to monitor the impact of diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma on clotting physiology. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.Single nucleotide variants in the open reading frames (ORFs) of pharmacogenes are important causes of interindividual variability in drug response. The functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within ORFs remains a major challenge for pharmacogenomics. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) is a high-throughput technique that makes it possible to analyze the functional effect of hundreds of variants in a parallel and scalable fashion. We adapted a "landing pad" DMS system to study the function of missense variants in the ORFs of cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9) and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (CYP2C19). We studied 230 observed missense variants in the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 ORFs and found that 19 of 109 CYP2C9 and 36 of 121 CYP2C19 variants displayed less than ~ 25% of the wild-type protein expression, a level that may have clinical relevance. Our results support DMS as an efficient method for the identification of damaging ORF variants that might have potential clinical pharmacogenomic application. © 2020 Mayo Clinic. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.I read the 2019 Update of the ACR recommended RA disease activity measures by England, et al with great interest; it discusses the appropriate metrics to be used by practicing rheumatologists employing a Treat-to-Target approach. The article is comprehensive and written. I would like to make 2 comments and clarify one point, however. © 2020, American College of Rheumatology.