Hollisrose9787

BACKGROUND Total knee replacement is a common operative procedure to improve pain, function, and quality of life in patients with end stage knee osteoarthritis. The current study aimed to compare simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral total knee replacement on pain intensity and recovery of function. METHODS A total of 80 patients (bilateral 50, unilateral 30) aged 63.28 (9.4) years undergone total knee replacement participated in the current study. The participants were admitted for 5-7 days in the hospital. Participants in both the group received similar inpatient and outpatient physiotherapy sessions. Pain intensity and function capacity were assessed at baseline, day 7, and day 30 postoperatively using visual analogue scale and lower extremity functional scale, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant reduction of pain intensity (Day 0, mean 8.9, SD 1.0; Day 30, mean 2.2, SD 1.3 in bilateral total knee replacement; Day 0, mean 8.8, SD 1.1; Day 30, mean 2.0, SD 1.5 in unilateral total knee replacement; p  0.05). CONCLUSION Simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement was associated with a similar reduction of pain intensity and recovery of function compared to unilateral total knee replacement, suggesting the use of simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis since its costs and rehabilitation process could be reduced compared to staged bilateral total knee replacement.BACKGROUND The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile and exanthematous childhood disease mainly caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). In severe HFMD, virulent EV-A71 strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis and cardiopulmonary edema leading to death. Currently, no FDA approved antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for EV-A71. Flavonoids such as silymarin and baicalein are known to possess in vitro antiviral properties against viruses. In this study, the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of silymarin, baicalein and baicalin were investigated. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of three flavonoids towards rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were first examined using cell proliferation MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. Compounds found to be non-cytotoxic in RD cells were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral properties against the EV-A71 subgenotype B4 strain 41 (5865/SIN/000009) using antiviral assays. Viral infectivity was determined by reduction of the formation of plaques in RD cells. For the measurement of RNA copy number, the real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used. The most potent compound was further evaluated to determine the mode of action of inhibition by time course, virus attachment and entry assays in Vero cells. RESULTS Silymarin was shown to exert direct extracellular virucidal effects against EV-A71 at 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.2 ± 3.53 μg/mL with SI of 10.53. Similarly, baicalein exhibited direct extracellular virucidal effects against EV-A71 at a higher IC50 value of 30.88 ± 5.50 μg/mL with SI of 13.64. Besides virucidal activity, silymarin was shown to block both viral attachment and entry of EV-A71 to inhibit infection in Vero cells. CONCLUSIONS Silymarin has a stronger inhibition activity against EV-A71 in comparison to baicalein. It could serve as a promising antiviral drug to treat EV-A71 infections.Unfortunately, the original version of the article [1] contained an error. The author has brought to our attention that the article title is truncated in the published version. The correct title is American foulbrood in a honeybee colony spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development. Instead, it was published inadvertently as American foulbrood in a honeybee colony spore symptom relationship and feedbacks due to an error occurred during the production process.BACKGROUND To explore the mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook (TWH) in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) by network pharmacology. METHODS Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was used to obtain the active constituents and targets of TWH. "Crohn's disease" was used as a search term to search for related targets of CD from GeneCards database and OMIM database, thereby obtaining the targets of TWH against CD. The Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct a Chinese medicine compound-target network and STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network (PPI). The DAVID 6.8 online tool was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping targets. RESULTS The database results showed that there were 30 active ingredients (14 key active ingredients) in TWH and 36 targets were screened out for CD treatment. Network analysis indicated that main targets of main active components of TWH were target genes such as VEGFA, MAPK8 and CASP3, which are involved in the regulation of cancer pathway, TNF signal pathway, hepatitis B pathway, apoptosis pathway, NF-kappa B signal pathway and so forth. CONCLUSIONS TWH can play a multi-target and multi-channel synergistic treatment of CD by anti-angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and immune regulation.BACKGROUND Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. Abiraterone in vivo RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit Orf virus (ORFV) replication and infection. Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA- pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. RESULTS Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90 to 97% and 96.