Damfrost2719

The biodiversity of Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) from the southern South American Transition Zone and boundaries is presented. Four new species are described L. brachyclypeata Cherman, new species; L. lucialmeidae Cherman, new species; L. martinezi Cherman, new species; and L. maxillaricuspis Cherman, new species. The synonymy of L. flaveola Moser, 1924 (= L. kadleci Frey, 1970) is proposed. Lectotypes are designated for L. flavida Moser, 1918; L. pallidicornis Blanchard, 1851 (currently L. xanthocera Harold, 1869); and L. rufoflava Moser, 1918. Redescriptions are provided for all the species mentioned above plus L. calcarata Frey, 1970 and L. kunzteni Moser, 1921, as well as an identification key and updated geographical distributions to all species in the region. All species are present in the Monte province, except of L. kuntzeni (Andean provinces of Chile). Liogenys flavida and L. rufoflava have the broadest distribution, the latter here expanded to Paraguay and Chile.In this paper, three new enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) are described from different mountains of Korea Cognettia koreana sp. n., Henlea bidiverticulata sp. n. and Mesenchytraeus longidiverticulatus sp. n. Validity of these new species was confirmed by comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic analyses (based on ITS, CO1 and H3 sequences). In addition, ten enchytraeid species never recorded before from Korea were found in the studied soil samples Bryodrilus diverticulatus Černosvitov, 1929, Cernosvitoviella atrata Bretscher, 1903, Cernosvitoviella minor Dózsa-Farkas, 1990, Cognettia lapponica Nurminen, 1965, Cognettia varisetosa (Martinsson, Rota Erséus, 2015), Fridericia cf. sohlenii Rota, Healy Erséus, 1998, Henlea nasuta Eisen, 1878, Marionina clavata Nielsen Christensen, 1961, Marionina communis Nielsen Christensen, 1959, Marionina seminuda Xie Rota, 2001. Morphological observations and new reference DNA sequences are also provided for the above-mentioned species.Species of the genus Helopelius Reitter, 1922 (type species Stenomax aeneipennis Allard, 1876) were known from Rhodes and North Africa. We found that two species described from Rhodes belong to the genus Stenohelops Reitter, 1922, and Helopelius can be interpreted as a subgenus within latter, guided by the article 23.2 of ICZN. The following synonyms are proposed Helopelius, stat. n. (from genus to subgenus) = Stenomaleis Español, 1957, syn. n.; Stenohelops Reitter, 1922 = Gunarellus Reitter, 1922, syn. n.; Stenohelops (Helopelius) aeneipennis (Allard, 1876) = Helopelius disgregus Reitter, 1922, syn. n., = Gunarus gayirbegi Nabozhenko Keskin, 2009, syn. n. As a result, the following species are transferred from the former genus Helopelius to the genus Stenohelops Stenohelops (Helopelius) nodifer (Kraatz, 1880), comb. n.; Stenohelops (Helopelius) otini (Antoine, 1949), comb. n.; Stenohelops (Helopelius) subsinuatus (Antoine, 1951), comb. n.; Stenohelops (Helopelius) verrucosus (Vauloger de Beaupré, 1900), comb. n.; Stenohelops (Helopelius) zaianus (Antoine, 1949), comb. n. Thus, the subgenus Helopelius contains 11 species from three isolated geographical exclaves Western Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean and China. Lectotypes of Stenomax aeneipennis Allard, 1876, Helops gratus J. Frivaldszky, 1894 and Cylindrinotus (Helopelius) disgregus Reitter, 1922 are designated. Data on fossil species of the genus and the allied extinct taxa, as well as on bionomics of extant species of the subgenus Helopelius are presented. The check-list for extant and extinct species of Stenohelops is given.A new species of Bithoracochaeta Stein, 1911 (Diptera, Muscidae), Bithoracochaeta couriae sp. nov., is described and illustrated. In addition, we present comments on all Mexican species of the genus, a brief description of hunting behavior of B. couriae sp. nov. and its possible use as a biological control agent of greenhouses pests.A new species of Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 from Anhui, China, is described and illustrated N. yaoluopingus, sp. n. Additional records of N. cultellatus Assing, 2013, an identification key to the Nazeris species in Anhui and a map showing their distribution are provided.The Neotropical genus Epigomphus Hagen in Selys, 1854 groups 31 species distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. Only two species have been recorded so far from Colombia. Here we present two new species found in the north of the Andean Colombian Cordillera Central, Epigomphus rufus sp. nov. and Epigomphus brillantina sp. nov. Full descriptions of adult male and female and adult male respectively, plus diagnoses, pictures of the diagnostic characteristics, natural history notes, and a distribution map are provided.No central online repository exists for the collection of animal images; hence it remains unclear how extensively species have been illustrated in the published literature or online. Here we compiled a list of more than 8000 reptile species (out of 11,341) that have photos in one of six popular online repositories, namely iNaturalist (6,349 species), the Reptile Database (5,144), Flickr (4,386), CalPhotos (3,071), Wikimedia (2,952), and Herpmapper (2,571). These sites have compiled over one million reptile photos, with some species represented by tens of thousands of images. Despite the number of images, many species have only one or a few images. This suggests that a considerable fraction of morphological and geographic variation is under documented or difficult to access. We highlight prominent gaps in amphisbaenians, lizards, and snakes, with geographic hotspots for species without images in Central Africa, Pacific Islands, and the Andes Mountains. We present a list of ~3,000 species without photos in any of the six databases and ask the community to fill the gaps by depositing images on one of these sites (preferably with minimal copyright restrictions).The genus Triaenogryllacris is redescribed and a key for identification of the species is provided. When dealing with observations of iNaturalist, accurate data about the distribution of T. triaena (the type species) are obtained, and three color forms are indicated yellow, pink and green. Two new species are described here T. diaena n. sp. and T. horaciotrianai n. sp., expanding the expected geographic distribution for the genus, thus recorded, from the Andean forests of Ecuador and Colombia's three mountain ranges. Finally, the characters and distribution of Triaenogryllacris are discussed, contrasting with the other taxa described for the family Gryllacrididae.Eupitheciini is a diverse cosmopolitan tribe of larentiine moths. The structure and musculature of the male terminalia were described in six Palaearctic and Indo-Australian eupitheciine species from the genera Eupithecia Curtis, Gymnoscelis Mabille, and Pasiphila Meyrick (Lepidoptera Geometridae Larentiinae). The tergal flexors of the valvae, muscles m4, running to the medial part of the transtilla or to the membrane dorsad of the transtilla are identified as a potential synapomorphy for the tribe Eupitheciini. The tergal extensors of the valvae, muscles m3(2), running deep into the costa valvae is a possible synapomorphy for the genus Gymnoscelis. The genus Pasiphila does not share all eupitheciine characters, with the tergal flexors of the valvae, muscles m4, extending from the dorsal parts of the vinculum. The Eupithecia haworthiata species-group differs from other species-groups by the shape of the uncus and the sternal extensors of the valvae, muscles m8(3), with lateral fibres longer than the medial ones.A new species of the genus Cryptotendipes Beck et Beck is described on the basis of adult male. It is the third species from India and ninth from the Oriental region. The Chinese species, C. nodus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005 is recorded firstly from India. The molecular barcoding of two species, Cryptotendipes disparilis Pal et Hazra, 2018 and C. nodus is provided. Additional information and revision of two Indian species Cryptotendipes aculeatus Pal et Hazra, 2018 and C. disparilis Pal et Hazra, 2018 are furnished for erroneous description. A tentative cladistic relationship based on the morphological data of adult males and a revised world key to the adult males of the genus Cryptotendipes are also provided.Two new planktonic ostracods of the genus Proceroecia Kock, 1992, P. hwanghaensis sp. this website nov. and P. joseondonghaensis sp. nov., collected from neritic waters off the south coast of South Korea are described. Morphologically, they are similar to P. microprocera (Angel, 1971), the type species of the genus, but show several clear morphological differences, most prominent being the shape of the male endopodite on the second antenna and the presence of a sensilla on the coxale of the fifth limb. The two new species have subtle differences, such as the length of the frontal organ, number of spines on the comb-like e-seta on the first antenna in males, number of spinules on the b-seta on the second antenna in females, etc. Sequences derived from partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (mtCOI) for these novel species have been compared with sequences available for other Proceroecia species on GenBank, including P. microprocera. These comparisons suggest that both new species are distinct taxa. They also indicate that one set of sequences on GeneBank previously attributed to P. microprocera and derived from material collected from Chinese waters, belong to P. hwanghaensis, and that another set of sequences of an unidentified Proceroecia species from the South China Sea can be attributable to P. joseondonghaensis. Hence, these new species occur widely in the neritic waters of East Asia. The present study increases the number of the known Proceroecia species to nine, and the numbers of halocyprid ostracod species recorded from Korean waters to six.The subfamily Platycraninae Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 is polyphyletic in the traditional treatment. None of the genera attributed to the subfamily is closely related to the type-genus Platycrana Gray, 1835, which has already been suggested by morphological studies. The main key feature of Platycraninae traditionally used to characterize the subfamily, the remarkably large head and strongly enlarged genae ("cheeks"), is not true for Platycrana. Consequently, all other genera, the true "Palm Stick Insects" need to be removed from Platycraninae and are here accommodated in Megacraniinae subfam. nov.. Megacrania Kaup, 1871 is chosen as the type-genus of this new subfamily, because the name very well describes the main characteristic of this clade. Previous molecular studies have shown Megacraniinae subfam. nov. to be a member of the Old World family Phasmatidae s. str. (= Lanceocercata Bradler, 2001), which is characterized by the enlarged, laterally flattened and foliaceous or lanceolate cerci and by the male aanini and Stephanacridini. Lists of genera are provided for the three taxa. Three genera are removed from Platycraninae and Megacraniinae subfam. nov. The Australian Echetlus Stål, 1875 is transferred to Phasmatinae Acanthomimini and Redtenbacherus Özdikmen Darilmaz, 2008 and Elicius Günther, 1935 are transferred to Lonchodidae Necrosciinae. The male of Megacrania spina Hsiung, 2007 as well as the eggs of Megacrania brocki Hsiung, 2002, Erastus apalamnus Rehn, 1904, Ophicrania apterus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Ophicrania nigroplagiatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Platycrana viridana (Olivier, 1792) and Macrophasma lyratus (Redtenbacher, 1908) are illustrated for the first time. Xenomaches moderata (Kirby, 1884) from the island of Ambon is synonymised with Platycrana viridana (Olivier, 1792) (syn. nov.).