Aycockfabricius2563

INTRODUCTION The dentinogenesis potential of stem cells during dentin-pulp tissue regeneration may be compromised by microorganism components. Here we aimed to investigate the cell viability and osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to evaluate the molecular mechanism in vitro. METHODS CCK8 assay was used to assess the SCAP proliferation rate on exposure to different concentrations of LPS in medium. Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and mineralized nodule formation were detected by Western blotting and alizarin red S staining to evaluate SCAP osteo-/odontogenic differentiation. Autophagosomes in SCAP and the autophagy-related markers Beclin 1, autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), and microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting, respectively. Effects of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine on LPS-treated SCAP osteo-/odontogenic differentiation were also examined. RESULTS SCAP cell viability was decreased by 5 μg/mL LPS treatment on day 3. LPS (5 μg/mL) inhibited SCAP osteo-/odontogenic differentiation and decreased DMP-1, Runx-2, and ALP expression. Moreover, LC3, Atg5, and Beclin 1 expression and autophagosome number were elevated. Conversely, autophagy inhibition rescued the number of mineralized nodules and DMP-1, Runx-2, and ALP expression in the LPS-treated SCAP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that autophagy was involved in the suppression of SCAP osteo-/odontogenic differentiation in an LPS-induced inflammatory environment. This study discloses autophagy modulation as a potential new strategy to improve SCAP osteo-/odontogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is considered the most severe long-term adverse effect that can occur in radiation therapy patients. Teeth extractions and dental diseases are the main risk factors for ORN in irradiated patients. The aim of this case series was to evaluate the outcome of primary root canal treatments performed on patients who underwent head and neck radiotherapy and to evaluate any ORN related to the endodontic treatment. In this case series, primary root canal therapies (absence of radiolucency) were performed on 10 teeth of 8 patients who underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Radiation doses to the periapical area were calculated using the radiotherapy planning computed tomographic scan. After a 277-day mean follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic, no teeth showed periapical radiolucency, and no ORN was observed. Even if a limitation of buccal opening occurred after radiotherapy and complicated the endodontic procedures, root canal therapy seemed to be safe and a valid alternative to tooth extraction. The release of concentrated acid solutions by chemical accidents is disastrous to our environmental integrity. Alkaline agents applied to remedy the acid spill catastrophe may lead to secondary damages such as vaporization or spread out of the fumes unless substantial amount of neutralization heat is properly controlled. Using a rigorous thermodynamic formalism proposed by Pitzer to account short-range ion interactions and various subsidiary reactions, we develop a systematic computational model enabling quantitative prediction of reaction heat and the temperature change over neutralization of strongly concentrated acid solutions. We apply this model to four acid solutions (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and HF) of each 3 M-equivalent concentration with two neutralizing agents of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Predicted reaction heat and temperature are remarkably consistent with the outcomes measured by our own experiments, showing a linear correlation factor R2 greater than 0.98. We apply the model to extremely concentrated acid solutions as high as 50 wt% where an experimental approach is practically restricted. In contrast to the extremely exothermic Ca(OH)2 agent, NaHCO3 even lowers solution temperatures after neutralization reactions. Our model enables us to identify a promising neutralizer NaHCO3 for effectively controlling concentrated acid spills and may be useful for establishment of proper strategy for other chemical accidents. The common image of children as vulnerable and needing protection has been destabilized over the past decades. The ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (CRC) has promoted the concepts of children's rights and of children as active citizens who can make decisions about their best interests. Although the CRC encompasses the three P's approach participation, protection and provision, questions remain as to the interactions of these rights, especially how they can supplement each other and contribute to better well-being for children. This interaction is especially relevant in cases of children in vulnerable situations, such as maltreatment. learn more Over the years the professional discourse on child maltreatment has been focused mostly on protection and provision. Here we discuss the interaction between protection of maltreated children and their participation. Five aspects of child participation in the field of child maltreatment will be presented children's participation in the definition of child maltreatment phenomena; children's participation in measuring the prevalence of child maltreatment; children's participation in clinical assessments; children's participation in in the decision-making process in child protection system; and children's participation in the efforts to prevent child maltreatment. BACKGROUND Clinical management of duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms (dNEN) is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical management and to identify risk factors for metastatic disease. METHODS Patients undergoing surgery for dNEN were retrospectively analysed. Clinicopathologic features, perioperative outcome and survival were assessed. A literature review with focus on risk factors for metastatic disease was additionally performed. RESULTS 24 patients were identified. Out of 22 patients presenting with their primary tumour, 20 patients underwent curative resection and 18 patients received curative resection with systematic lymphadenectomy. 17 patients underwent formal oncological resection. Surgical mortality was 1 out of 24 patients. The 5-year overall survival rate was 67% in the entire cohort, 71% in patients undergoing resection for their primary tumour, 72% for patients undergoing curative resection with systematic lymphadenectomy, 75% for pN0 and 70% for pN1 tumours. Lymph node metastases were identified in 15 patients undergoing systematic lymphadenectomy, including 9 of 14 patients with tumours smaller than 2 cm, and 6 of 10 patients with G1 tumours.