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8% (6.9%). Further weight loss was prevented over the remaining hospital stay with continued dietetic-led interventions.
COVID-19 patients have complex nutritional needs due to malnutrition on admission and ongoing weight loss. Disease complexity and evolving nature of medical management required multifaceted dietetic-led nutritional strategies, which differed between surges.
COVID-19 patients have complex nutritional needs due to malnutrition on admission and ongoing weight loss. Disease complexity and evolving nature of medical management required multifaceted dietetic-led nutritional strategies, which differed between surges.Carbonyl stress is a condition characterized by an increase in the steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that leads to accumulation of their irreversible covalent adducts with biological molecules. RCS are generated by the oxidative cleavage and cellular metabolism of lipids and sugars. In addition to causing damage directly, the RCS adducts, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs), cause additional harm by eliciting chronic inflammation through receptor-mediated mechanisms. Hyperglycemia- and dyslipidemia-induced carbonyl stress plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetes-related cancer risk. Moreover, the increased dietary exposure to AGEs/ALEs could mediate the impact of the modern, highly processed diet on cardiometabolic and cancer risk. Finally, the transient carbonyl stress resulting from supraphysiological postprandial spikes in blood glucose and lipid levels may play a role in acute proinflammatory and proatherogenic changes occurring after a calorie dense meal. These findings underline the potential importance of carbonyl stress as a mediator of the cardiometabolic and cancer risk linked to today's unhealthy diet. In this review, current knowledge in this field is discussed along with future research courses to offer new insights and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent diet-associated cardiometabolic disorders and cancer.This study focused on identifying whether exposure to the Chinese Great Famine (1959-1961) in early life amplified the potential for fractures in adulthood. The survey was conducted using data from the 1997-2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)-5235 adults born between 1954 and 1964 were selected as the sample size. Fracture was defined based on self-report. Those born from 1962-1964 were treated as non-exposure group. Those with exposure to famine were divided into four subgroups Fetal, early childhood, mid-childhood, and late childhood cohorts. The association between the groups and fracture was determined using Cox regression. In follow-up data (mean of 11 years), fractures were identified in 418 of the participants. The incidence of fracture was 8.7 in late childhood, 8.1 in mid-childhood, 8.3 in early childhood, 7.0 in fetal, and 5.4 in non-exposed cohorts per 1000 person-year. Compared with the non-exposed group, the famine-exposed groups had an increased risk of developing fracture in adulthood with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of 1.29 (0.90-1.85), 1.48 (1.08-2.03), 1.45 (1.02-2.06), and 1.54 (1.08-2.20), respectively. The positive link of famine exposure to risk of fracture occurred primarily in those participants with a modern diet who lived in urban areas. In conclusion, the risk of fracture in Chinese adults is associated with famine exposure.Despite recommendations for systematic food insecurity screening in pediatric primary care, feasible interventions in clinical settings are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine reach, feasibility, and retention in Food FARMacia, a pilot clinically based food insecurity intervention among children aged <6 years. We examined electronic health record data to assess reach and performed a prospective, longitudinal study of families in Food FARMacia (May 2019 to January 2020) to examine attendance and retention. We used descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses to assess outcomes. Among 650 pediatric patients, 172 reported household food insecurity and 50 registered for Food FARMacia (child mean age 22 ± 18 months; 88% Hispanic/Latino). Demographic characteristics of Food FARMacia participants were similar to those of the target group. Median attendance rate was 75% (10 sessions) and retention in both the study and program was 68%. Older child age (retention age 26.7 ± 18.7 months vs. attrition age 12.1 ± 13.8 months, p = 0.01), Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (retention 97% vs. attrition 69%, p < 0.01), and larger household size (retention 4.5 ± 1.1 vs. attrition 3.7 ± 1.4, p = 0.04) correlated with retention. A clinically based mobile food pantry pilot program and study reached the target population and were feasible.Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting peripheral joints. Dehydrogenase inhibitor Chronic activation of inflammatory pathways results in decreased function and the development of comorbidities, such as loss of lean mass while retaining total body mass. The objective of this report was to assess whether dietary manipulation affects body composition in patients with RA as a secondary outcome. Fifty patients were included in a randomized controlled crossover trial testing a proposed anti-inflammatory Mediterranean-style diet compared to a Western diet. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in patients without implants (n = 45). Regardless of treatment, fat-free mass increased and fat mass percentage decreased during weight stability, but no differences between intervention and control in the whole group (n = 42, all p > 0.20) were found. Interaction analysis revealed that participants who were non-employed (n = 15) significantly decreased in fat mass (-1.767 kg; 95% CI -3.060, -0.475, p = 0.012) and fat mass percentage (-1.805%; 95% CI -3.024, -0.586, p = 0.008) from the intervention compared to the control period. A Mediterranean-style diet improved body composition in non-employed participants (n = 15). The group as a whole improved regardless of dietary allocation, indicating a potential to treat rheumatoid cachexia by dietary manipulation.With this analysis, we aimed to examine the associations between social factors and dietary risk behavior in older adults. Data were collected through a full-population postal survey of German adults aged 65 years or older (n = 1687, 33% response proportion, 52% female, mean age = 76 years). Using principal component analysis (PCA), a data-driven Dietary Risk Behavior Index (DRB) was computed. Dietary risk behavior was defined as consumption frequencies of vegetables/fruit, whole grains, and dairy products below national dietary recommendations. By performing a multiple linear regression, we analyzed associations between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and dietary risk behavior. Physical activity, female gender, socioeconomic status, social support, and age (in the male sample) were negatively associated with dietary risk behavior. Alcohol consumption and smoking were positively associated with dietary risk behavior. A group-specific analysis revealed a higher goodness-of-fit for the low socioeconomic status group, older adults aged 65-79 years, and women. A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between social factors and dietary risk behavior in older adults assists the group-specific targeting of dietary-related interventions. Demand-oriented dietary interventions should account for underlying social conditions to reduce inequity in dietary risk behavior among older adults. The results of this work may be transferable to municipalities in high-income European countries.The polymorphisms of fatty acid desaturase genes FADS1 and FADS2 have been associated with an increase in weight gain. We investigated FADS1 and FADS2 gene polymorphisms and the relation between ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid plasma concentrations and gestational weight gain. A prospective cohort study of 199 pregnant women was followed in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil. Plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were measured at baseline and gestational weight gain during the first, second, and third trimesters. Fatty acid recognition was carried out with the aid of gas chromatography. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using real-time PCR. Statistical analyses included Structural Equation Modelling. A direct effect of FADS1 and FADS2 gene polymorphisms on gestational weight was observed; however, only the SNP rs174575 (FADS2) showed a significant positive direct effect on weight over the course of the pregnancy (0.106; p = 0.016). In terms of the influence of SNPs on plasma levels of PUFAs, it was found that SNP rs174561 (FADS1) and SNP rs174575 (FADS2) showed direct adverse effects on plasma concentrations of ω-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid and alpha-linoleic acid), and only SNP rs174575 had positive direct effects on plasma levels of ARA and the ARA/LA (arachidonic acid/linoleic acid) ratio, ω-6 products, while the SNP rs3834458 (FADS2) had an adverse effect on plasma concentrations of EPA, leading to its increase. Pregnant women who were heterozygous and homozygous for the minor allele of the SNP rs3834458 (FADS2), on the other hand, showed larger concentrations of series ω-3 substrates, which indicates a protective factor for women's health.The effects of zinc, copper, and selenium on human congenital heart defects (CHDs) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of the maternal total, dietary, and supplemental intakes of zinc, copper, and selenium during pregnancy with CHDs. A hospital-based case-control study was performed, including 474 cases and 948 controls in Northwest China. Eligible participants waiting for delivery were interviewed to report their diets and characteristics in pregnancy. Mixed logistic regression was adopted to examine associations and interactions between maternal intakes and CHDs. Higher total intakes of zinc, selenium, zinc to copper ratio, and selenium to copper ratio during pregnancy were associated with lower risks of total CHDs and the subtypes, and the tests for trend were significant (all p < 0.05). The significantly inverse associations with CHDs were also observed for dietary intakes of zinc, selenium, zinc to copper ratio, selenium to copper ratio, and zinc and selenium supplements use during pregnancy and in the first trimester. Moreover, high zinc and high selenium, even with low or high copper, showed a significantly reduced risk of total CHDs. Efforts to promote zinc and selenium intakes during pregnancy need to be strengthened to reduce the incidence of CHDs in the Chinese population.
Current studies examining the effects of high concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) or serum folates assume that high folate concentrations are an indicator of high folic acid intakes, often ignoring the contributions of other homeostatic and biological processes, such as kidney function.
The current study examined the relative contributions of declining kidney function, as measured by the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and usual total folic acid intake on the concentrations of RBC folate and serum folate (total as well as individual folate forms).
Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected in 2-year cycles were combined from 2011 to 2018. A total of 18,127 participants aged ≥16 years with available folate measures, kidney biomarker data (operationalized as a categorical CKD risk variable describing the risk of progression), and reliable dietary recall data were analyzed.
RBC folate concentrations increased as CKD risk increased low risk, 1089 (95% CI 1069, 1110) nmol/L; moderate risk, 1189 (95% CI 1158, 1220) nmol/L; high risk, 1488 (95% CI 1419, 1561) nmol/L; and highest risk, 1443 (95% CI 1302, 1598) nmol/L (
< 0.
