Tofthein4511

Two-year-olds typically extend labels of novel objects by the objects' shape (shape bias), whereas adults do so by the objects' function. Is this because shape is conceptually easier to comprehend than function? To test whether the conceptual complexity of function prevents infants from developing a function bias, we trained twelve 17-month-olds (function-training group) to focus on objects' functions when labeling the objects over a period of 7 weeks. Our training was similar to previously used methods in which 17-month-olds were successfully taught to focus on the shape of objects, resulting in a precocious shape bias. We exposed another 12 infants (control group) to the same objects over 7 weeks but without labeling the items or demonstrating their functions. Only the infants in the function-training group developed a function bias. Thus, the conceptual complexity of function was not a barrier for developing a function bias, which suggests that the shape bias emerges naturally because shape is perceptually more accessible than function.

Asthma patients are under-represented among patients with COVID-19. Their behavior during lockdown and associated restrictions is unknown, as well as whether it was influenced by coexistent cardiovascular conditions.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in May 2020, in France, nested in ComPaRe, an e-cohort of adults with chronic diseases. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 10,859 people; 3701 fully completed questionnaires. The prevalence of self-reported asthma was 7%. Patients were classified in 4 categories asthma with (

 = 106) or without (

 = 149) cardiovascular disease and other diseases with (

 = 1186) or without (

 = 2260) cardiovascular disease.

Adherence to movement restrictions during the lockdown was very strong 89% of participants reported a frequency of outings of "less than once per week" and "once or twice per week" for errands and no family-related outings during the lockdown. This proportion and frequency of outings were similar whatever the chronic disease (

 = 0.1l attention should be paid to the subgroup of patients with uncontrolled asthma during lockdowns.

To assess whether dimensional changes occur as shape distortion (unevenly), contraction or magnification (evenly) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) considering materials, anatomical regions and metal artefact reduction algorithms.

Four cylinders of amalgam (Am), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), gutta-percha (Gu), titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zi) were inserted inside a polymethylmethacrylate phantom in anterior and posterior regions for acquisitions in Picasso Trio and OP300 with MAR enabled and disabled. Two observers measured the dimensions of each cylinder in three axes Y (height), Z (antero posterior diameter) and X (latero-lateral diameter). Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey

test compared the data (α = 5%).

Shape distortion occurred for all materials in anterior region of Picasso Trio without MAR (

< 0.05). With MAR enabled, Gu and Ti contracted (

≥ 0.05), while the others showed distortion (

< 0.05). In posterior region, all materials distorted in both MAR conditions (

< 0.05), except Gu, which magnified without MAR (

≥ 0.05) and contracted unevenly with MAR (

< 0.05). In anterior region of OP300, all materials magnified without MAR, (

≥ 0.05) and had shape distortion with MAR (

< 0.05). In posterior region, only Am showed magnification without MAR (

≥ 0.05), while all materials presented shape distortion with MAR (

< 0.05).

Dimensional changes of high-density materials in CBCT can be either a magnification, a contraction or a distortion; the last condition is the most prevalent. Furthermore, changes differ considering material, anatomical region and MAR condition.

Dimensional changes of high-density materials in CBCT can be either a magnification, a contraction or a distortion; the last condition is the most prevalent. Furthermore, changes differ considering material, anatomical region and MAR condition.Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel health care access program (ActionHealthNYC) for uninsured immigrants. Methods. The evaluation was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in New York City from May 2016 through June 2017. Using baseline and follow-up survey data, we assessed health care access, patient experience, and health status. Results. At baseline, 25% of participants had a regular source of care; two thirds had visited a doctor in the past year and reported 2.5 visits in the past 12 months, on average. Nine to 12 months later, intervention participants were 1.2 times more likely to report having a primary care provider (58% vs 46%), were 1.2 times more likely to have seen a doctor in the past 9 months (91% vs 77%), and had 1.5 times more health care visits (4.1 vs 2.9) compared with control participants. Conclusions. ActionHealthNYC increased health care access among program participants. Public Health Implications. State and local policymakers should build on the progress that has been made over the last decade to expand and improve access to health care for uninsured immigrants.

Panoramic images (PXs) demonstrating calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs) are associated with heightened risk of near-term myocardial infarction (MI). Elevated neutrophil counts (NC) within normal range 2,500-6,000 per mm

are likewise associated with future MI signaling the role neutrophils play in the chronic inflammation process underlying coronary artery atherogenesis. We determined if CCAAs on PXs are associated with increased NC.

Investigators implemented a retrospective study of PXs and accompanying medical records of white males ≥ 65 years treated by a VA dental service. Two groups (

= 60 each) were constituted, one with atheromas (CCAA+) and one without (CCAA-). Predictor variable was CCAA + and outcome variable was NC. Fostamatinib Syk inhibitor Bootstrapping analysis determined the difference in mean NCs between two groups, significance set at ≤0.05.

The study group of (CCAA+) (mean age 75.9; range 69-91 years) demonstrated a mean NC of 4,843 per mm

and control group (CCAA-) (mean age 75.3; range; 66-94) a mean NC of 4,108 per mm

.