Simmonssauer3244

Results Findings reflect that aggression can be predicted by intra- and interpersonal variables, such as 'positive inclination towards others', 'positive inclination towards self' and 'acting responsibly towards self.' Aggression is lower when a student's positive inclination towards others is higher and towards self is lower and when a student acts with greater responsibility towards self. Conclusion Students should understand and manage their own aggression. Overall, the findings showed that students are seemingly 'adjusted' conformists using an external locus of control. The facilitation of an internal locus of control and autonomous behaviour is imperative. © 2020. The Authors.Background Youth behaviour in South Africa continues to be a public health concern. Primary prevention interventions remain a pre-requisite for promotion of improved social and health outcomes. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a behavioural youth risk reduction intervention among grade 10 learners. Setting The Study was conducted in KwaZulu-Natal high schools, at UMgungundlovu District Municipality. Methods We conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial at 16 KwaZulu-Natal high schools where learners completed a self- administered questionnaire assessing youth risk behaviours. Schools were divided into two arms, intervention and a control arms. Results The intervention reduced learners' reports of carrying of a weapon to school in the past 30 days, but did not significantly reduce other assessed risk behaviours. Although the intervention appeared more likely to reduce learners' risk behaviours when compared to the control group, such as carrying weapons, risky sexual behaviour and alcohol and drug abuse. this website Conclusion This study was unable to show statistical significance for these outcomes. © 2020. The Authors.Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature and extent of reproducible and transparent research practices in neurology publications. Methods The NLM catalog was used to identify MEDLINE-indexed neurology journals. A PubMed search of these journals was conducted to retrieve publications over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018. A random sample of publications was extracted. Two authors conducted data extraction in a blinded, duplicate fashion using a pilot-tested Google form. This form prompted data extractors to determine whether publications provided access to items such as study materials, raw data, analysis scripts, and protocols. In addition, we determined if the publication was included in a replication study or systematic review, was preregistered, had a conflict of interest declaration, specified funding sources, and was open access. Results Our search identified 223,932 publications meeting the inclusion criteria, from which 400 were randomly sampled. Only 389 articles were accessible, yielding 271 publications with empirical data for analysis. Our results indicate that 9.4% provided access to materials, 9.2% provided access to raw data, 0.7% provided access to the analysis scripts, 0.7% linked the protocol, and 3.7% were preregistered. A third of sampled publications lacked funding or conflict of interest statements. No publications from our sample were included in replication studies, but a fifth were cited in a systematic review or meta-analysis. Conclusions Currently, published neurology research does not consistently provide information needed for reproducibility. The implications of poor research reporting can both affect patient care and increase research waste. Collaborative intervention by authors, peer reviewers, journals, and funding sources is needed to mitigate this problem. © The Author(s) 2020.Noroviruses are a very diverse group of viruses that infect different mammalian species. In humans, norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis. Multiple norovirus infections can occur in a lifetime as the result of limited duration of acquired immunity and cross-protection among different strains. A combination of advances in sequencing methods and improvements on surveillance has provided new insights into norovirus diversification and emergence. The generation of diverse norovirus strains has been associated with (1) point mutations on two different genes ORF1, encoding the non-structural proteins, and ORF2, encoding the major capsid protein (VP1); and (2) recombination events that create chimeric viruses. While both mechanisms are exploited by all norovirus strains, individual genotypes utilize each mechanism differently to emerge and persist in the human population. GII.4 noroviruses (the most prevalent genotype in humans) present an accumulation of amino acid mutations on VP1 resulting in the chronological emergence of new variants. In contrast, non-GII.4 noroviruses present co-circulation of different variants over long periods with limited changes on their VP1. Notably, genetic diversity of non-GII.4 noroviruses is mostly related to the high number of recombinant strains detected in humans. While it is difficult to determine the precise mechanism of emergence of epidemic noroviruses, observations point to multiple factors that include host-virus interactions and changes on two regions of the genome (ORF1 and ORF2). Larger datasets of viral genomes are needed to facilitate comparison of epidemic strains and those circulating at low levels in the population. This will provide a better understanding of the mechanism of norovirus emergence and persistence. Published by Oxford University Press 2019. This work is written by a US Government employee and is in the public domain in the US.Background Parents are increasingly searching online for information supported by research but can find it difficult to identify results relevant to their own experiences. More troublingly, a number of studies indicate that parenting information found online often can be misleading or wrong. The goal of the Parenting Science Gang (PSG) project was to use the power of the Internet to help parents ask questions they wanted to have answered by scientific research and to feel confident in assessing research evidence. Methods By using Facebook to recruit groups and facilitate interactions, PSG was able to engage fully the target public of parents of young children in the radical co-production of scientific studies, while not creating an undue burden on time or restricting participants due to disability, financial status or location. By giving parents true partnership and control of creation of projects, PSG ensured that the chosen questions were ones that were of most relevance and interest to them. Results This pects have led to outputs including at least eight papers published, in press or in preparation, seven conference presentations, testimony to the Infant Feeding All-Party Parliamentary Group, and with more to come. © The Author(s). 2020.Public voices have largely been absent from the discussions about open access publishing in medical research. Yet the public have a strong interest in ensuring open access of medical research findings because of their roles as funders, advocates, research participants, and patients. By limiting access to research outputs, the current publishing system makes it more difficult for research to be held accountable to the public. Paywalls undermine the work of public advocacy, which requires open access in order to lobby for policy changes and research funding. Research participants generously give their time and energy to research studies with the assumption that the results will be broadly disseminated. Finally, members of the public have a stake in open access publishing as a resource for health information and decision-making. This commentary explores these crucial roles of the public in order to develop a public rationale for open access medical research. We outline a critique of the current academic publishing ecosystem, re-focus the open access debate from a public perspective, and respond to some of the arguments against public open access. Although open access to medical research is not a panacea, removing paywalls and other barriers to public access is essential. The public are critical stakeholders of medical research data. © The Author(s). 2020.Plain English summary Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that occurs in one or both eyes of infants and young children as a result of errors in the RB1 gene. There are approximately 2000 retinoblastoma survivors in Canada. Those with the heritable form of the disease are at risk of passing the gene to the next generation and developing a second cancer. Many retinoblastoma survivors and families therefore interact with the healthcare system throughout their lives.The retinoblastoma community has a longstanding history of engaging patients in research, however without any formal process. The literature establishes benefits to patient engagement such as research results which are more applicable, credible, and transparent. Building on the established interest among stakeholders, the Canadian Retinoblastoma Research Advisory Board (CRRAB) was established in 2016 to foster sustainable and meaningful collaboration between patients (survivors and family members), advocacy groups, healthcare professionals, and reseablastoma research. CRRAB will continue to be used as a framework for patient engagement, with improvements based on participant feedback. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Tretinoin or all-trans retinoic acid is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and photo-aging. This work aims to develop tretinoin-loaded nanofibers as a potential anti-acne patch and to investigate its physicochemical characteristics. Method Nanofibers were produced via electrospinning method and surface topography was evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The functional groups of polymer and the drug molecule and the possible interactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release studies were carried out by total immersion method at 25 °C and 32 °C. Tretinoin stability was evaluated at room temperature and fridge for 45 days. The possibility of synergistic antibacterial activity of tretinoin and erythromycin combination was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™) and (ATCC® 29213™) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Uniform fibers without drug crystals were fabricated via electrospinning. Drug-loaded nanofibers show inherent stability under various storage conditions. Electrospun nanofibers showed a prolonged release of tretinoin. The stability of formulations in FT was higher than RT. Disc diffusion tests did not show any synergism in the antibacterial activity of erythromycin when used in combination with tretinoin. Conclusion It can be anticipated that the easy fabrication, low costs and dosing frequency of the construct reported here provide a platform that can be adapted for on-demand delivery of tretinoin. Graphical abstract © The Author(s) 2020.Background Simulation hybrids combine single modality simulation such as simulated patients (SP) with low-fidelity simulation to create a potentially more powerful set of educational tools. To make a hybrid that is credible, standardised and inexpensive remains a challenge. We describe the development of the simulation vest (S-Vest), an inexpensive, standardised teaching tool that is 'worn' by an SP to form a hybrid. Methods We have created a vest which contains a set of speakers placed in an anatomical manner and produce sounds. The sounds played from a multitrack audio player are recorded in vivo from a patient with the real disease findings. The SP provides history while the vest provides the objective palpable and auscultatory findings. The speakers are placed in the routine standardised locations taught in physical examination. Results We have developed several case scenarios designed for the vest. One of these cases is an elderly patient with aortic stenosis. The aortic stenosis case audio file has four unique tracks recorded over the precordium.