Stilesprater3443

Urolithiasis is a prevailing ailment affecting all age groups across global population. In modern innovative industry endoscopic instruments alterations and miniaturization has simplified the interventional strategy for undertaking these procedures for renal stones. However, there has been paucity of studies regarding outcomes of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in elder age group. We aimed to report success rates and complications in elder age group.

This was a retrospective review of the charts for subjects that underwent unilateral PCNL from 2012 till 2018 November at a tertiary care hospital at capital of Pakistan. Patients of age ≥60 years were chosen for this study. PCNL procedures were done in prone position. We implemented the Guy stone scoring (stone complexity) to forecast the net results of PCNL. Information regarding variables were recorded in specified proforma and then processed in SPSS version 16 for the statistical computations.

On the whole 79 patients were incorporated for this study. Most common presenting complaint in clinic was flank pain followed by haematuria and fever respectively. Mean age in this analysis was calculated as 63.36±5.19 years. find more Mean size for calculi was 449±163mm2. One patient underwent transfusion after surgery while only 2.5% of these patients had sepsis (post PCNL procedure). Stone free rate was significantly affected by Guys stone score (GSS).

PCNL can be undertaken safely and effectually for achieving treatment goals even in elder subjects. Stone free rates are higher in lower Guys stone score as compared to the higher scores.

PCNL can be undertaken safely and effectually for achieving treatment goals even in elder subjects. Stone free rates are higher in lower Guys stone score as compared to the higher scores.

This study has been done in children with Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) to check for the response to cyclophosphamide and relapse on follow up for one year after completion of treatment.

This study was conducted over two years and nine months. Patients were taken as steroid dependent when there were two consecutive relapses occur on steroids tapering or within two weeks of stopping treatment. Children of either sex between ages of 1-14 years, diagnosed case of SDNS were included in this study. Renal biopsy was not done in any patient. After achieving remission with oral steroids, cyclophosphamide was given after calculation of maximum cumulative dose 168 mg/kg for 8 - 12 weeks along with oral steroids. Follow up done every two weeks till completion of treatment for response and adverse effects and thereafter for one year.

There were 31 patients, 23 (74.2%) male and 8 (25.8%) females. Age ranged from 1.5 years to 11 years with mean age 5.44±2.39 years. There was full response to cyclophosphamide as none of patient had proteinuria on cyclophosphamide therapy. After completion of cyclophosphamide course, four patients (12.9%) relapsed on follow up while 87.9% remain in complete remission. Only one female patient (3.23%) had adverse effect in form of hair fall and she recovered after completion of treatment. None of patient showed any other adverse effect including haematuria.

Cyclophosphamide is an effective therapy in management of childhood SDNS with minimum adverse effects in medium term.

Cyclophosphamide is an effective therapy in management of childhood SDNS with minimum adverse effects in medium term.

Thalassemia major is the severe form of β thalassemia characterized by severe anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly and facioskeletal changes due to increased haemolysis of defective red blood cells. In iron overload states, high levels of iron exceed the iron-carrying capacity of transferrin within the plasma, leading to the formation of nontransferrin-bound iron form. These nontransferrin-bound iron forms can be taken up into cells, including liver, heart, and endocrine cells leading to organ damage. To prevent complications associated with hemosiderosis, iron chelation therapy remains one of the main objectives of clinical management of the patients affected by Thalassemia Major.

Thirty-seven patients were enrolled using non randomized convenience sampling technique after the written consent from patients. Patients age 2-30 years were enrolled in this study. Serum Ferritin, ALT, Serum Creatinine were checked at the start of the study, 3 months, 6months and then at the end of the study, i.e., at 9 months of the c. The drug is effective only in maintaining Serum Ferritin levels with levels less than 1500ng/ml. Intravenous Deferioxamine still should be preferred over oral iron chelators for effective control of iron overload and its complications.

From the results of our study, we infer that oral Deferasirox is not an effective iron chelator. If the patients are taking oral deferasirox, their Serum Ferritin should be checked 3 monthlies. The drug is effective only in maintaining Serum Ferritin levels with levels less than 1500ng/ml. Intravenous Deferioxamine still should be preferred over oral iron chelators for effective control of iron overload and its complications.

To compare the effect of ProTaper Next and One Shape rotary files on canal transportation and centering abilities in resin block with simulated curved canal.

An in-vitro experimental study was carried out in Dental clinics. Sixty resin blocks (30 per group) having simulated curved canals prepared with ProTaper Next and One Shape and then filled with red and blue Indian ink, respectively. Photographs of resin blocks obtained using standardized manner were then transferred to the Adobe Photoshop 7.0. Centering abilities and amount of transportation were then calculated at coronal, middle and apical portion of canal for both the groups. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the transportation and centering ability of both file systems. Level of significance was kept at p-value ≤0.01.

One Shape file resulted in more canal transportation at all the levels (apical, middle and coronal part) as compared to ProTaper Next file, however, difference was not statistically significant (p-value >0.01). Statistically significant difference was noted at the apical third between these two rotary files with One Shape file showing more centered preparation as opposed to ProTaper Next file (p-value <0.