Bruunmcdougall2666

KGaA, Weinheim.Silicon-mediated fluoride abstraction is demonstrated as a means of generating the first fluorido-cyanido transition metal complexes. This new synthetic approach is exemplified by the synthesis and characterization of the heteroleptic complexes, trans-[M IV F 4 (CN) 2 ] 2- (M = Re, Os), obtained from their homoleptic [M IV F 6 ] 2- parents. As shown by combined high-field electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetization measurements, the partial substitution of fluoride by cyanide ligands leads to a dramatic increase in the magnetic anisotropy of trans-[ReF 4 (CN) 2 ] 2- as compared to [ReF 6 ] 2- , reflecting the severe departure from an ideal octahedral (O h point group) ligand field. This methodology paves the way toward the realization of new heteroleptic transition metal complexes that may be used as highly anisotropic building-blocks for the design of high-performance molecule-based magnetic materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Telomeres are DNA-protein structures located at the chromosome ends and terminating with an essential single-stranded 3'-overhang.1 Their role is to maintain genomic integrity by protecting chromosomes from degradation and illegitimate recombination. Telomeres progressively shorten during cell division because of the inability of DNA polymerase to replicate the 3'-end of chromosomes. Telomerase limits telomere attrition by synthesizing de novo telomere sequences at the end of chromosomes. RNA Synthesis inhibitor This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The onset of malignant mesothelioma (MM) is linked to exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers are classified as serpentine (chrysotile) or amphibole, which includes the crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite types. Although few studies have been conducted, anthophyllite has been shown to be associated with mesothelioma, and tremolite, a contaminant in talc and chrysotile, is a risk factor for carcinogenicity. Here, after characterizing the length and width of these fibers by scanning electron microscopy, we explored the cytotoxicity induced by tremolite and anthophyllite in cells from an immortalized human mesothelial cell line (MeT5A), murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and in a rat model. Tremolite and short anthophyllite fibers were phagocytosed and localized to vacuoles, while the long anthophyllite fibers were caught on the pseudopod of the MeT5A and Raw 264.7 cells, according to transmission electron microscopy. The results from a two-day time-lapse study revealed that tremolite was engulfed and damaged the MeT5A and RAW264.7 cells, while anthophyllite was not cytotoxic to these cells. Intraperitoneal injection of tremolite in rats induced diffuse serosal thickening, while anthophyllite formed focal fibrosis and granulomas on peritoneal serosal surfaces. Further, the loss of Cdkn2a/2b, which are the most frequently lost foci in human MM, were observed in eight cases of rat MM [homozygous deletion (5/8) and loss of heterozygosity (3/8)] by array-based comparative genomic hybridization techniques. These results indicate that tremolite initiates mesothelial injury and persistently frustrates phagocytes, causing subsequent peritoneal fibrosis and MM. The possible mechanisms of carcinogenicity based on fiber diameter/length are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of lasers and topical desensitising agent treatments for dentine hypersensitivity. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge were electronically searched without restrictions. Study search, selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias were conducted independently by two reviewer authors. All analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). RESULTS This meta-analysis included 13 eligible studies that compared topical desensitising agents and NdYAG or diode laser. Four, six, and three studies were considered to have low, moderate, and high risks of bias, respectively. The follow-up period varied from immediate to 9 months. All comparisons except the 3-month NdYAG laser parallel group and 6-month diode laser group showed that the clinical efficacy of lasers for dentine hypersensitivity was not significantly different with topical desensitising agents. CONCLUSION We found low-quality evidence that was insufficient to draw any conclusions regarding the superiority of lasers or conventional topical desensitising agents in the treatment of DH. Further well-designed RCTs on this topic are needed to draw definitive conclusions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Human behavior is continuously shaped not just as a function of explicitly responding to external world events but also by internal biases implicitly driven by the capacity to extract statistics from complex sensory patterns. Two possible sources of predictability engaged to generate and update temporal expectancy are the implicit extraction of either local or global statistical contingencies in the events' temporal structure. In the context of action preparation the local prediction has been reported to be stable from the age of 6. However, there is no evidence about how the ability to extract and use global statistical patterns to establish temporal expectancy changes across development. Here we used a new, child-friendly reaction time task purposely designed to investigate how local (within-trial expectancy bias) and global (between-block expectancy bias) prediction interplay to generate temporal expectancy and consequently shape action preparation in young (5- to 6-year-old), middle-aged (7- to 8-year-old) and old (9- to 10-year-old) typically developing children. We found that while local temporal prediction showed stable developmental trajectories, the ability to use a global rule to action preparation in terms of both accuracy and speed becomes stable after the age of seven. These findings are discussed by adopting a neuroconstructivist-inspired theoretical account, according to which the developmental constraints on learning from hierarchically nested levels of sensory complexity may constitute a necessary prerequisite for mastering complex domains. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND For patients presenting with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery is recommended to be performed generally within a 48-hr to 14-day window. This study aimed to assess timeliness of delivery, and outcomes, of CEA surgery in a tertiary vascular centre. METHOD Patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA between 1 June 2014 and 31 June 2017 were identified and data were obtained from hospital records. The timeline of their journey from presentation to surgery was then mapped together with their outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-two cases were included in the study. Overall, the median time from development of presenting symptoms to surgery was 9 days and 119 (69%) cases were operated on within 14 days. The median time from development of presenting symptoms to ultrasound imaging was 2 days and the median time from symptoms to vascular referral was also 2 days. There were no deaths, strokes or transient ischaemic attacks within 30 days of CEA. At 1 year, survival was 100% but 15 (8.7%) had experienced at least one transient ischaemic attack or stroke. In the 53 cases operated upon beyond 14 days the dominant cause of delay in 32 (60%) was accessing surgery after review by the vascular service. CONCLUSION The aim of delivering CEA within 14 days of developing relevant symptoms was achieved in most cases with good outcomes. Nevertheless, points of delay in the patient journey that could be targeted for future quality improvement were identified. © 2020 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.Throughout the past decade the use of fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs) has expanded with several unique reporter dyes that support a variety of methods to specifically quantify protein trafficking events. The platform's capabilities have been demonstrated in several systems and shared for widespread use. This review will highlight the current FAP labeling techniques for protein traffic measurements and focus on the use of the different designed fluorogenic dyes for selective and specific labeling applications. © 2020 The Authors. Traffic published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.When the components of a metal organic framework, MOF, and a crystal growth modulator diffuse through a gel medium, they can form arrays of regularly-spaced precipitation bands containing MOF crystals of different morphologies.  With time, slow variations in the local concentrations of the growth modulator cause the crystals to change their shapes, ultimately resulting in unusual concave microcrystallites not available via solution-based methods.  The reaction-diffusion and periodic precipitation phenomena (i) extend to various types of MOFs and also MOPs (metal organic polyhedra), and (ii) can be multiplexed to realize within one gel multiple growth conditions, in effect leading to various crystalline phases or polycrystalline formations. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Sodium borohydride (NaBH4 ) is among the most studied hydrogen storage materials since it is able to deliver high purity H2 at room temperature with controllable kinetics via hydrolysis, but its regeneration from the hydrolytic product has been challenging. Herein we report a facile method to regenerate NaBH4 with high yield and low costs. The hydrolytic product NaBO2 in aqueous solution reacts with CO2 forming Na2B4O7·10H2O and Na2CO3 , both of which are ball milled with Mg under ambient conditions to form NaBH4 with a high yield close to 80%. Compared with previous studies, this new approach avoids expensive reducing agent such as MgH2 , bypasses the energy-intensive dehydration procedure to remove water from Na2B4O7·10H2O, and does not require high-pressure H2 gas, therefore leading to much reduced costs. This method is expected to effectively close the loop of NaBH4 regeneration and hydrolysis, enabling a wide deployment of NaBH4 for hydrogen storage. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) results in their release into aquatic systems and consequently into drinking water resources. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how NPs can be effectively removed through water treatment processes, such as coagulation, to control environmental and health risks associated with NP exposure. This work investigates the effect of two conventional coagulants, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and iron chloride (FeCl3 ), on NPs. Three bottled mineral and Lake Geneva waters, currently used as drinking water resources, were considered to get an insight into coagulation efficiency. TiO2 , CeO2 NPs, and polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics were selected, owing to their large number of applications and contrasting surface charge and aggregation behavior at environmental pH. Our findings indicate that PACl is more efficient compared with FeCl3 since lower dosages are required to coagulate all nanoparticles. On the other hand, nanoplastic coagulation is found less efficient compared with TiO2 and CeO2 NPs.