Prattmccurdy3264
Glucose hypometabolism and tau formation are key features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about the relationship between fasting glucose and regional tau accumulation.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose was linearly regressed on regional tau (flortaucipir) among 169 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3) participants. Flortaucipir uptake was examined by Braak stages and regions of interest (ROIs). Interactions were explored between CSF glucose and AD risk factors including regional amyloid beta (Aβ), sex, Apolipoprotein E ε4 (
ε4) status, AD parental family history (AD FH), and cognitive impairment (CI).
Interactions found higher CSF glucose tracked less tau in ROIs or Braak stages I/II (women,
ε4+, regional Aβ), III/IV (AD FH+, regional Aβ), and V/VI (AD FH+). CI drove Braak III-VI associations.
Among women and
ε4 carriers, higher CSF glucose tracked less early-stage tau. Higher CSF glucose may reflect compensation against tau spreading in CI, Aβ+, or AD FH+.
Among 2-D08 and APOE ε4 carriers, higher CSF glucose tracked less early-stage tau. Higher CSF glucose may reflect compensation against tau spreading in CI, Aβ+, or AD FH+.
Agitation, experienced by patients with dementia, is difficult to manage and stressful for caregivers. Currently, agitation is primarily assessed by caregivers or clinicians based on self-report or very brief periods of observation. This limits availability of comprehensive or sensitive enough reporting to detect early signs of agitation or identify its precipitants. The purpose of this article is to provide proof of concept for characterizing and predicting agitation using a system that continuously monitors patients' activities and living environment within memory care facilities.
Continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of a participant is achieved using behavioral sensors, which include passive infrared motion sensors, door contact sensors, a wearable actigraphy device, and a bed pressure mat sensor installed in the living quarters of the participant. Environmental sensors are also used to continuously assess temperature, light, sound, and humidity. Episodes of agitation are reported by nursing staff. Da for unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of participants with dementia and their living space seems feasible and shows promise for characterization of episodes of agitation and identification of behavioral and environmental precipitants of agitation.
Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections, and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.
Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone, and volinanserin using RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed that scored the association between antipsychotic signatures and expression data from 415,252 samples in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) repository.
Atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, and influenza NCBI GEO-derived samples scored positively against antipsychotic signatures. Pathways enriched in antipsychotic signatures were linked to the cardiovascular and immune systems (eg, brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], platelet derived growth factor receptor [PDGFR]-beta, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta, selenoamino acid metabolism, and influenza infection).
These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
Liver fibrosis increases progressively with aging and has been associated with poorer cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. We investigated the relationships between a non-invasive score for advanced liver fibrosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] fibrosis score [NFS]) and dementia risk. We also assessed physical frailty, a common geriatric condition which is associated to dementia. We tested the joint effects of physical frailty and fibrosis on dementia incidence.
A total of 1061 older adults (65 to 84 years), from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, were prospectively evaluated for the risk of dementia in a period between 1992 and 2001. Liver fibrosis was defined according to the NFS. Physical frailty was assessed according to the Fried's criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the short- and long-term risk of overall dementia, associated to the NFS, testing the effect modifier of physical frailty status.
Older adults with only high NFS (F3-F4) d These findings should encourage a typical geriatric, multidisciplinary assessment which accounts also for the possible co-presence of frail condition in older adults with chronic liver disease and liver fibrosis.
Aboriginal Australians have among the highest rates of dementia worldwide, yet no study has investigated the subtypes, risk factors, or longer term outcomes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population.
A total of 336 community-dwelling Aboriginal Australians aged ≥60 years participated in a longitudinal study, completing a structured interview at baseline. MCI (amnestic subtype, aMCI; non-amnestic subtype, naMCI) and dementia were diagnosed via cognitive screening, medical assessment, and clinical consensus. Associations between life-course factors and baseline MCI subtypes were examined using logistic regression. Conversion to dementia was assessed at 6-year follow-up.
Prevalent aMCI (
=24) was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 2.53), head injury (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.35 to 7.56), symptoms of depression (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.24), and lower blood pressure (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86). Prevalent naMCI (
=29) was associated with low education (OR=4.46, 95% CI 1.53 to 13.05), unskilled work history (OR=5.62, 95% CI 2.07 to 13.90), higher body mass index (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.04), and moderate to severe hearing loss (OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 7.55). #link# A small proportion of MCI cases reverted to intact at follow-up (15%), but most remained stable (44%), developed dementia and/or died (41%).
Sociodemographic and clinical factors both contributed to baseline MCI and were distinct for MCI subtypes, with similar patterns of conversion to dementia for amnestic and non-amnestic MCI.
Sociodemographic and clinical factors both contributed to baseline MCI and were distinct for MCI subtypes, with similar patterns of conversion to dementia for amnestic and non-amnestic MCI.The CCCDTD5 reviewed the research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease proposed in the NIA-AA Research Framework and supports their use in research but not in clinical practice.
Higher brain tocopherol levels have been associated with lower levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
We studied the relations of α- and γ-tocopherol brain levels to microglia density in 113 deceased participants from the Memory and Aging Project. We used linear regression analyses to examine associations between tocopherol levels and microglia densities in a basic model adjusted for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E (
)ε4 genotype (any ε4 allele vs. none) , and post-mortem time interval, and a second model additionally adjusted for total amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangle severity.
Higher α- and γ-tocopherol levels were associated with lower total and activated microglia density in cortical but not in subcortical brain regions. The association between cortical α-tocopherol and total microglia density remained statistically significant after adjusting for AD neuropathology.
These results suggest that the relation between tocopherols and AD might be partly explained by the alleviating effects of tocopherols on microglia activation.
These results suggest that the relation between tocopherols and AD might be partly explained by the alleviating effects of tocopherols on microglia activation.
Web-based cognitive tests have potential for standardized screening in neurodegenerative disorders. We examined accuracy and consistency of cCOG, a computerized cognitive tool, in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
Clinical data of 306 cognitively normal, 120 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 69 dementia subjects from three European cohorts were analyzed. Global cognitive score was defined from standard neuropsychological tests and compared to the corresponding estimated score from the cCOG tool containing seven subtasks. The consistency of cCOG was assessed comparing measurements administered in clinical settings and in the home environment.
cCOG produced accuracies (receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve [ROC-AUC]) between 0.71 and 0.84 in detecting MCI and 0.86 and 0.94 in detecting dementia when administered at the clinic and at home. The accuracy was comparable to the results of standard neuropsychological tests (AUC 0.69-0.77 MCI/0.91-0.92 dementia).
cCOG provides a promising tool for detecting MCI and dementia with potential for a cost-effective approach including home-based cognitive assessments.
cCOG provides a promising tool for detecting MCI and dementia with potential for a cost-effective approach including home-based cognitive assessments.Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 American adults annually, and is more prevalent in Black and sexual minority women. We applied an intersectional approach to investigate food insecurity prevalence in women with intersecting minority race and sexual orientation. We used two United States surveillance systems-National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2013-2018 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2014, to estimate how race and sexual orientation jointly influence food insecurity prevalence in women aged 18-59 years (NHIS N = 47596; NHANES N = 5106). All analyses were stratified for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) use. Relative measures estimated weighted prevalence ratios (PR) comparing Black and White sexual minority women (SMW) to heterosexual White women. Absolute prevalence measures estimated the excess prevalence of food insecurity due to multiple marginalization. link2 Patterns of food insecurity prevalence were similar across NHIS and NHANES, and differed only for nong multiply marginalized women may attenuate food insecurity disparities.
After more than six months into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as of August 10, 2020, over 734,664 people had died worldwide. The current study aims to evaluate how mitigating interventions affected the epidemic process in the 30 largest metropolitan areas in the US and whether temperature played a role in the epidemic process.
Publicly available data for the time series of COVID-19 cases and deaths and weather were analyzed at the metropolitan level. The time-varying reproductive numbers (R
) based on retrospective moving average were used to explore the trends. Student
tests were used to compare temperature and peak R
cross-sectionally.
We found that virus transmissibility, measured by instantaneous reproduction number (R
), had declined since the end of March for all areas and almost all of them reached a R
of 1 or below after April 15, 2020. The timing of the main decline was concurrent with the implementation of mitigating interventions. link3 However, the R
s remained around 1 for most areas since then and there were some small and short rebounds in some areas, suggesting a persistent epidemic in those areas when interventions were relaxed.
