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01). A high masseter muscle tone predicted the risk of having an at-risk and poor nutritional status. The at-risk or poor nutritional status predicted having a substandard handgrip strength by 5-fold.

A high masticatory muscle tone predicts malnutrition and frailty. Medical professionals should combat masticatory dysfunction-induced malnutrition by detecting masticatory muscle performance using sEMG and referring patients to dental professionals. Additionally, encouraging inpatient older adults to perform oral motor exercise is recommended.

A high masticatory muscle tone predicts malnutrition and frailty. selleck Medical professionals should combat masticatory dysfunction-induced malnutrition by detecting masticatory muscle performance using sEMG and referring patients to dental professionals. Additionally, encouraging inpatient older adults to perform oral motor exercise is recommended.

Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement offers a noninvasive approach for bilirubin screening; however, its accuracy in preterm infants is unclear. This study determined the agreement between TcB and total serum bilirubin (TSB) among preterm infants.

A multisite prospective cohort study was conducted at 3 NICUs in Ontario, Canada, September 2016 to June 2018. Among 296 preterm infants born at 240/7 to 356/7 weeks, 856 TcB levels were taken at the forehead, sternum, and before and after the initiation of phototherapy with TSB measurements. Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) expressed agreement between TcB and TSB.

The overall mean TcB-TSB difference was -24.5 μmol/L (95% LOA -103.3 to 54.3), 1.6 μmol/L (95% LOA -73.4 to 76.5) before phototherapy, and -31.1 μmol/L (95% LOA -105.5 to 43.4) after the initiation of phototherapy. The overall mean TcB-TSB difference was -15.2 μmol/L (95% LOA -86.8 to 56.3) at the forehead and -24.4 μmol/L (95% LOA -112.9 to 64.0) at the sternum. The mean TcB-TSB difference was -31.4 μmol/L (95% LOA -95.3 to 32.4) among infants born 24-28 weeks, -25.5 μmol/L (95% LOA -102.7 to 51.8) at 29-32 weeks, and -15.9 μmol/L (95% LOA -107.4 to 75.6) at 33-35 weeks. Measures did not differ by maternal ethnicity.

Among preterm infants, TcB may offer a noninvasive, immediate approach to screening for hyperbilirubinemia with more careful use in preterm infants born at <33 weeks' gestation, as TcB approaches treatment thresholds. Its underestimation of TSB after the initiation of phototherapy warrants the use of TSB for clinical decision-making after the initiation of phototherapy.

Among preterm infants, TcB may offer a noninvasive, immediate approach to screening for hyperbilirubinemia with more careful use in preterm infants born at less then 33 weeks' gestation, as TcB approaches treatment thresholds. Its underestimation of TSB after the initiation of phototherapy warrants the use of TSB for clinical decision-making after the initiation of phototherapy.

Acute infarction patterns have been described in cardioembolic stroke, mainly with atrial fibrillation (AF) or patent foramen ovale. We aimed to analyse acute infarction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in stroke patients with intracardiac thrombus (ICT) compared with stroke patients with AF.

We performed a retrospective study analysing brain MRI scans of consecutive acute symptomatic cardioembolic infarction patients associated with ICT or AF who were recruited and registered in the stroke database between June 2018 and November 2019. Diffusion-weighted imaging performed within 1 week after symptom onset, intra-/extracranial vessel imaging, echocardiography, and ≥24-h ECG monitoring were required for inclusion. Baseline, biological, and echocardiography characteristics were assessed. Analysed MRI characteristics were infarction location (anterior/middle/posterior cerebral artery territory; anterior/posterior/mixed anterior-posterior circulation; multiterritorial infarction; brainstem; cerd for SCCI (more frequent in the ICT group, p = 0.053) and non-SCCI (more frequent in the AF group, p = 0.053) on MRI.

ICT-related stroke is associated with acute SCCI presence on MRI. Clinical Trial Registration-URL http//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier NCT04456309.

ICT-related stroke is associated with acute SCCI presence on MRI. Clinical Trial Registration-URL http//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier NCT04456309.

Dementia is a chronic disease with a variable prevalence throughout the world; however, this could be higher at high-altitude populations. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude.

We searched in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase and included the studies published from inception to July 20, 2020, with no language restriction, which reported the frequency of cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults living at high-altitude populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cognitive impairment and dementia. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies.

Six studies were included (3,724 participants), and 5 of the 6 included studies were carried out in Latin America. The altitude ranged from 1,783 to 3,847 m, the proportion of women included varied from 38.7 to 65.6%, and the proportion of participants with elementary or illiterate educational level ranged from 71.7 to 97.6%. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was 22.0% (95% CI 8-40, I2 99%), and the overall prevalence of dementia was 11.0% (95% CI 6-17, I2 92%). In a subgroup analysis according to the instrument used to evaluate cognitive impairment, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 21.0% (95% CI 5-42, I2 99%) in the MMSE group while the prevalence was 29.0% (95% CI 0-78) in the non-MMSE group.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude is almost twice the number reported in some world regions.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults living at high altitude is almost twice the number reported in some world regions.The goal of this report is to recount the history of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation (ISRHML) and how its members contributed to the science of human milk (HM) and lactation (LT). The ISRHML was formed in 1988 by a group of young scientists who were intrigued with the mysteries of HM and LT and the effects of HM upon recipient human infants. The inception of the ISRHML by those scientists with many different types of interests and expertise led over the next 3 decades to a wealth of new information concerning the biology of the mammary gland and the exceptionally complex composition of HM. Those findings helped to explain why HM is by far the superior nutrition for human infants.

Excisional biopsy (EB) is considered the gold standard for lymphoma diagnosis. Although recent advances in interventional radiology enable sampling with core-needle biopsy (CNB), only few studies evaluated the utility of CNB compared to that of EB.

We analyzed patients with lymphoma who had a diagnostic biopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital during 2002-2017. We investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CNB in 2017.

The proportion of CNB utility in total biopsy procedures had increased from 11 to 48% during the 15 years. In 2017, CNB was opted more frequently than EB for a biopsy of superficial, abdominal, or anterior mediastinal lesions. Only one out of 72 patients who had CNB required re-biopsy with EB because of insufficiency. The incidence of complications was comparable between CNB and EB 2 (4%) cases of minor bleeding with CNB and 1 (8%) case of minor bleeding with EB. The median time from the first visit to biopsy was significantly shorter with CNB (5.5 days) than with EB (15 days).

There is an increasing trend in the utility of CNB. CNB is a less invasive method with shorter time to biopsy and can be considered an alternative to EB.

There is an increasing trend in the utility of CNB. CNB is a less invasive method with shorter time to biopsy and can be considered an alternative to EB.High energy-density supercapacitors (SCs) with long operating life, cost-effective, and competitive cycling performance is attracted great research attention to competing in the requirements of the modern age. However, despite these benefits, SC hampers inadequate rate-capability and structural deterioration, which primarily affects its commercialization. Herein, ultra-thin two-dimensional (2D) ZnCo2O4nanosheets arein situanchored on the conductive surface of nickel foam (denoted as ZCO@NF) by hydrothermal process. The binder-free ZCO@NF is employed as an electrode for SCs and shows impressive charge storage properties. ZCO@NF electrode exhibited a high capacitance of 1250 (750) and 733 F g-1(440 C g-1) at 2.5 and 20 A g-1, respectively, demonstrating the outstanding rate-capability of 58.6% even at 8 times larger current density. Furthermore, the ZCO@NF electrode exhibits admirable capacitance retention of 96.5% after 10 000 cycles. This impressive performance of the ZCO@NF electrode is attributed to the high surface area which gives a short distance for ion/electron transfer, a high conductivity with extensive electroactive cities, and strong structural stability. The binder-free approach provides a strong relationship between the current collector and the active material, which turns into improved electrochemical operation as an electrode material for SCs.The synovium of osteoarthritis (OA) patients can be characterized by an abnormal accumulation of macrophages originating from extravasated monocytes. Since targeting monocyte extravasation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy, our aim was to develop an organotypic microfluidic model recapitulating this process. Synovium and cartilage were modeled by hydrogel-embedded OA synovial fibroblasts and articular chondrocytes separated by a synovial fluid channel. The synovium compartment included a perfusable endothelialized channel dedicated to monocyte injection. Monocyte extravasation in response to chemokines and OA synovial fluid was quantified. The efficacy of chemokine receptor antagonists, RS-504393 (CCR2 antagonist) and Cenicriviroc (CCR2/CCR5 antagonist) in inhibiting extravasation was tested pre-incubating monocytes with the antagonists before injection. After designing and fabricating the chip, culture conditions were optimized to achieve an organotypic model including synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes, and a continuous endothelial monolayer expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. A significantly higher number of monocytes extravasated in response to the chemokine mix (p less then 0.01) and OA synovial fluid (p less then 0.01), compared to a control condition. In both cases, endothelium pre-activation enhanced monocyte extravasation. The simultaneous blocking of CCR2 and CCR5 proved to be more effective (p less then 0.001) in inhibiting monocyte extravasation in response to OA synovial fluid than blocking of CCR2 only (p less then 0.01). The study of extravasation in the model provided direct evidence that OA synovial fluid induces monocytes to cross the endothelium and invade the synovial compartment. The model can be exploited either to test molecules antagonizing this process or to investigate the effect of extravasated monocytes on synovium and cartilage cells.