Herbertismail3476

Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) has been increasingly applied to improve athletic performance and injury recovery. Validation of BFRT has lagged behind commercialization, and currently the mechanism by which this therapy acts is unknown. BFRT is one type of ischemic therapy, which involves exercising with blood flow restriction. Repetitive restriction of muscle blood flow (RRMBF) is another ischemic therapy type, which does not include exercise.

The purpose was to develop a rat model of ischemic therapy, characterize changes to muscle contractility, and evaluate local and systemic biochemical and histologic responses of 2 ischemic therapy types. We hypothesized that ischemic therapy would improve muscle mass and strength as compared with the control group.

Controlled laboratory study.

Four groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats were established control, stimulation, RRMBF, and BFRT. One hindlimb of each subject underwent 8 treatment sessions over 4 weeks. To simulate exercise, the stimulation group unas eliciting elevated GH levels as compared with the other groups (

< .001).

Ischemic therapy did not induce gains in muscle mass, contractility strength, fiber cross-sectional area, or satellite cell density locally or systemically in this model, although the RRMBF group did have elevated GH levels on ELISA.

This animal model does not support ischemic therapy as a method to improve muscle mass, function, or satellite cell density.

This animal model does not support ischemic therapy as a method to improve muscle mass, function, or satellite cell density.

Efforts are being made to treat rotator cuff tears (RCTs) that exhibit poor healing and high retear rates. Tendon-to-bone healing using mesenchymal stem cells is being explored, but research is needed to establish effective delivery options.

To evaluate the effects of an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheet on mesenchymal stem cell delivery for tendon-to-bone healing of a chronic RCT in rats and to demonstrate that ADSC sheets enhance tendon-to-bone healing.

Controlled laboratory study.

Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from rat adipose tissue, and a cell sheet was prepared using a temperature-responsive dish. To evaluate the efficacy of stem cells produced in a sheet for the lesion, the experiment was conducted with 3 groups repair group, cell sheet transplantation after repair group, and cell sheet-only group. Histological, biomechanical, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) results were compared among the groups.

Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histomorphological analysis revealed thaepairing RCTs, which are common sports injuries.

This laboratory study provides evidence that ADSCs are effective in repairing RCTs, which are common sports injuries.The paper is concerned with simulation of the periodontal ligament response to force in the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement. This is based on two previous investigations, a in vitro experiment with specimens of porcine mandibular premolars and a in vivo experiment on human upper first incisors. For the curve fit of the in vitro experiment a model function, assuming viscoelasticity, was introduced. The viscoelastic model function was augmented by a ramp rise time term, to account for observed dependence of the response on actuator velocity, and a previous load history term, to account for the effect of the previous tests on the current test. The correlation coefficient of a curve fit for all tests grouped together was R 2 = 0.98 . Next, a curve fit of the in vivo experiment was done. Namodenoson Good correlation was found for a simplified model function, without viscoelastic term ( R 2 = 0.96 ). For both tests, in vitro and in vivo, the ramp rise time term improved correlation. A finite element model of the spnse was simulated with the finite element model and a refined parameter study was conducted by means of optimal interpolation. The thus found optimal parameters were verified by simulation with the finite element model. Optimal interpolation is computationally cheap, which allowed full factorial experiments at low cost.The vast majority of clinical skills teaching at our medical school in London is delivered through a peer teaching programme, with research demonstrating that medical students unequivocally prefer being taught clinical skills by peer teachers (students) over-qualified physicians. Peer teaching holds a plethora of benefits for both the learner and the teacher; encouraging academic and professional growth for teachers while instilling confidence in tutees through an improved learning atmosphere. Teaching is an essential skill for all physicians, and peer teaching is an invaluable method to cultivate these teaching skills throughout medical education. This article outlines 12 tips on how medical students can be effective and successful clinical skills peer teachers when faced with medical teaching opportunities, whether physically or remotely conducted. We reflect upon our roles as Peer Teacher Leads, overseeing a team of 200 medical student clinical skills peer teachers on behalf of the faculty at our university in London. We are responsible for leadership and quality assurance, holding key input into the organisation, development and delivery of clinical skills teaching. Therefore, we are able to impart unique insight and experience. This practical guidance is gathered from feedback, experience and the wider literature on the topic of peer teaching in clinical skills. We hope that these tips will enable medical student teachers to become more confident and competent in providing worthwhile training to their peers.Motivation theory and research remain underused by health professions educators. Some educators say it can seem too abstract. To address this, we applied health care language to learner motivation theories. Using a familiar metaphor, we examined the indications, mechanism of action, administration, and monitoring of learner motivation interventions. Similar to the treatment monographs in medicine compendia, we summarized each motivation intervention in the form of a monograph. The purpose of this guide is for health professions educators to develop an understanding of when (i.e. indication) and how (i.e. mechanism of action) learner motivation interventions work. With this information, they can then access ready-to-implement strategies (i.e. administration) to increase their learner interest and assess the effects of these interventions (i.e. monitoring).

To describe the radiological features of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and to explore the significant signs that indicate severity of disease.

We collected data retrospectively of 180 cases of COVID-19, from 15 January 2020 to 31 March 2020, from both the Wuhan Zhongnan and Beijing Ditan Hospitals, including 103 cases of mild and 77 cases of severe pneumonia. All patients had their first chest computed tomography scan within five days of symptom onset. The dandelion sign was defined by a focal ground glass opacity (GGO) with a central thickening of the airway wall, and the focal crazy paving sign was defined by a focal GGO with thickening of the interlobular septa.

Consolidation presented in only 4.9% (5/103) of the mild pneumonia cases, which was significantly lower than that in severe pneumonia cases (70.1% 54/77),

 < .001). Multifocal distribution and pure GGOs were observed more frequently in severe cases of pneumonia (

 < .05). The dandelion sign was present in 86.4% (89/103) of the mild pneumonia cases, significantly more frequent than those with severe pneumonia (13.0% [10/77],

 < .001). The focal crazy paving sign presented in 65.0% (67/103) of the mild pneumonia cases and was significantly more frequent than in severe cases (23.4% [18/77],

 < .001). The hospital stay duration of the mild pneumonia group (13.6 ± 7.2 days) was significantly shorter than the severe pneumonia group (26.6 ± 11.7 days,

 < .001).

Consolidation, pure GGO and multifocal distribution on a CT scan were associated with severe COVID-19. The dandelion and focal crazy paving signs indicate mild COVID-19.

Consolidation, pure GGO and multifocal distribution on a CT scan were associated with severe COVID-19. The dandelion and focal crazy paving signs indicate mild COVID-19.Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

Three theoretically grounded hypotheses were tested that predict interactions between modern health worries (MHWs), somatic symptom distress, and negative affect.

Cross-sectional.

Hypotheses were tested in a representative German sample (

 = 2306) and a near-representative Swedish sample (

 = 3406). Participants completed the 12-item Modern Health Worries Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire 15-Item Somatic Symptom Severity Scale (both samples), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Depression Scale (German sample), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Swedish sample).

According to the results obtained from the two samples, MHWs were only weakly associated with somatic symptoms and negative affectivity. Frequentist and Bayesian linear regression analyses showed an interaction only in one case. All other factors being equal, individuals high on somatic symptoms and MHWs did not experience disproportionately less anxiety or depression; those high on MHWs and negative affect were characterized by disproportionately more symptoms in the German sample but not in the Swedish sample; and high level of negative affect did not strengthen the positive association between somatic symptoms and MHWs.

Based on data from two large community samples, temporal stability of MHWs cannot be explained by somatic symptom distress and negative affectivity.

Based on data from two large community samples, temporal stability of MHWs cannot be explained by somatic symptom distress and negative affectivity.

Early presentation with breast cancer symptoms is crucial to the effectiveness of treatment and the affected women's long-term survival. However, in Indonesia, 60-70% of breast cancer patients first present themselves to the hospital in an advanced stage. Knowledge about the determinants of breast cancer early presentation could inform efforts to promote healthcare seeking at earlier symptomatic stages. In the current study, we explored the psychosocial determinants of early presentation among female breast cancer survivors.

Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 female breast cancer survivors in Surabaya, Indonesia (mean age = 49.8 years). Directed content analysis approach was used to analyse the data.

Half of the respondents underwent breast cancer screening prior to onset of symptoms. Nine determinants of breast cancer early presentation were reflected in the women's responses (lack of) knowledge, perceived behavioural control, previous health related experiences and risk perceptions, attitudes and beliefs, norms, competing priorities, financial issues, instrumental factors, and health provider factors.