Alexandersenjohannsen8289

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cell walls of peri-endodermis, a layer adjacent to the endodermis in alpine pennycress (Noccaea caerulescens) roots, form C-shaped peri-endodermal thickenings (PET). Despite its specific position close to the endodermis, assumed similarity of PET to phi thickenings in many other species, and fact that N. caerulescens is a well-studied heavy metals hyperaccumulating plant, PET as a root trait is still not understood. METHODS Here, we characterized PET cell walls by histochemical techniques, by Raman spectroscopy, immuno-labelling, and by electron microscopy. Moreover, a role of PET in solute transport was tested and compared with Arabidopsis thaliana plants, which does not form PET in roots. KEY RESULTS The cell walls with PET have a structured relief mainly composed of cellulose and lignin. Suberin, typical for endodermal cells is missing but pectins are present on inner surface of PET. Penetrating dyes are not able to cross PET neither by apoplasmic nor symplasmic pathway, and significantly higher content of metals is found in root tissues outside of PET than in innermost tissues. CONCLUSIONS Based on development and chemical composition, PET are different from endodermis and highly resemble phi thickenings. Contrary, different structure and dye impermeability of PET, not known in case of phi thickenings, point to an additional barrier function which makes peri-endodermis with PET a unique and rare layer. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.BACKGROUND Rapid screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease at intake into immigrant detention facilities allows for early detection and treatment. Detention facilities with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Health Service Corps (IHSC) medical staffing utilize chest radiography and symptom screening as the primary screening for pulmonary TB (PTB) disease. This analysis describes the demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of individuals identified with TB disease at these facilities. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis to describe the population of immigrant detainees identified via chest radiograph with PTB disease between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at facilities with IHSC medical staffing. We collected demographic variables, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing results, and microbiological findings. We generated descriptive statistics and examined univariate and multivariate associations between the variables collected and symptomatic status. RESULTS We identified 327 patients with confirmed PTB disease (incidence rate 92.8 per 100,000); the majority of patients were asymptomatic (79.2%) at diagnosis. Adjusting for all other variables in the model, the presence of cavitary lesions, AFB smear positivity, and multi-lobar presentation were significantly associated with symptomatic status. Among all patients identified with TB disease who had a TST result recorded, 27.2% were both asymptomatic and TST negative, including those with smear positive disease. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic PTB disease is a significant clinical entity among immigrant detainees and placement in a congregate setting calls for aggressive screening to prevent transmission. Early identification, isolation, and treatment of TB disease benefits not only the health of the patient, but also the surrounding community. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.STUDY QUESTION What proportion of fertilized human ova are lost before implantation? SUMMARY ANSWER An estimated 40 to 50% of fertilized ova fail to implant. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Preimplantation loss is not detectable with current technology. Published estimates of preimplantation loss range from 10 to 70%. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We combine data from epidemiologic, demographic, laboratory and in vitro fertilization studies to construct an empirical framework for the estimation of preimplantation loss. This framework is summarized in a user-friendly Excel file included in supplement. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We draw from multiple sources to generate plausible estimates of fecundability, sterility, transient anovulation, intercourse patterns and the proportion of ova fertilized in the presence of sperm. We combine these estimates to generate a summary estimate of preimplantation loss. this website This estimate can be considered an average for couples in their prime reproductive years. MAIN RESULTS AN vivo, suggesting that further improvements in IVF success rates may be possible. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH. Professor Adashi serves as Co-Chair of the Safety Advisory Board of Ohana Biosciences, Inc. The other authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES To measure tooth movement 1 week post-treatment and assess potential correlation with changes invoked during treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-eight patients were recruited (19 males, 19 females). Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were taken after bracket debonding (T1) and 1 week later (T2) and digitally scanned. During this period no retention was used. The digital casts were superimposed on structures of the hard palate. Translation and rotation of the first molars, canines, and central incisors were recorded. Additionally, movement of these teeth was assessed from the beginning (T0) until the end of treatment (T1). The correlation between the post-treatment relapse (T1-T2) and tooth movement during treatment (T0-T1) was investigated via the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Relapse was detected and reflected changes in tooth position during treatment. For the first molars (right, left) the correlation between treatment and post-treatment tooth movement was evident in the transverse direction (r = -0.