Santosmartinsen2059

However, neither HF diet nor ladder-climbing training had an impact on femoral biomechanical properties. Moreover, ladder-climbing training significantly increased serum adiponectin, decreased serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 levels, and downregulated myostatin (MSTN) expression in diet-induced obese rats. Taken together, ladder-climbing training prevents bone loss and microarchitecture deterioration in diet-induced obese rats through multiple mechanisms including increasing mechanical loading on bone due to improved skeletal muscle mass and strength, regulating the levels of myokines and adipokines, and suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It indicates that resistance exercise may be a promising therapy for treating obesity-induced bone loss.

Minimally invasive cochlear implantation is a novel surgical technique which requires highly accurate guidance of a drilling tool along a trajectory from the mastoid surface toward the basal turn of the cochlea. The authors propose a passive, reconfigurable, parallel robot which can be directly attached to bone anchors implanted in a patient's skull, avoiding the need for surgical tracking systems. Prior to clinical trials, methods are necessary to patient specifically optimize the configuration of the mechanism with respect to accuracy and stability. Furthermore, the achievable accuracy has to be determined experimentally.

A comprehensive error model of the proposed mechanism is established, taking into account all relevant error sources identified in previous studies. Two optimization criteria to exploit the given task redundancy and reconfigurability of the passive robot are derived from the model. The achievable accuracy of the optimized robot configurations is first estimated with the help of a Monte Carlo simulation approach and finally evaluated in drilling experiments using synthetic temporal bone specimen.

Experimental results demonstrate that the bone-attached mechanism exhibits a mean targeting accuracy of [Formula see text]mm under realistic conditions. A systematic targeting error is observed, which indicates that accurate identification of the passive robot's kinematic parameters could further reduce deviations from planned drill trajectories.

The accuracy of the proposed mechanism demonstrates its suitability for minimally invasive cochlear implantation. Future work will focus on further evaluation experiments on temporal bone specimen.

The accuracy of the proposed mechanism demonstrates its suitability for minimally invasive cochlear implantation. Future work will focus on further evaluation experiments on temporal bone specimen.

Precise knee kinematics assessment helps to diagnose knee pathologies and to improve the design of customized prosthetic components. The first step in identifying knee kinematics is to assess the femoral motion in the anatomical frame. However, no work has been done on pathological femurs, whose shape can be highly different from healthy ones.

We propose a new femoral tracking technique based on statistical shape models and two calibrated fluoroscopic images, taken at different flexion-extension angles. The cost function optimization is based on genetic algorithms, to avoid local minima. The proposed approach was evaluated on 3 sets of digitally reconstructed radiographic images of osteoarthritic patients.

It is found that using the estimated shape, rather than that calculated from CT, significantly reduces the pose accuracy, but still has reasonably good results (angle errors around 2[Formula see text], translation around 1.5mm).

It is found that using the estimated shape, rather than that calculated from CT, significantly reduces the pose accuracy, but still has reasonably good results (angle errors around 2[Formula see text], translation around 1.5 mm).

To describe an algorithm for the accurate segmentation of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and determining its length, mid-cross-sectional area and mid-circumferential perimeter. This will help with accurate, rapid and reproducible MPA measurements which can be used to detect diseases that cause raised pulmonary arterial pressure, and allow standardized serial measurements to assess progression or response to treatment.

We perform MPA segmentation using a novel approach based on erosion and dilation. A centerline is then determined by skeletonization, graph construction and spline fitting. MPA cross sections perpendicular to the centerline are analyzed in order to determine MPA length, and mid-cross-sectional area and perimeter. The technique was developed using four normal chest CT data sets and then tested on twenty normal post-contrast chest CT studies. Results are compared to manual segmentation and measurement by a thoracic radiologist.

The mean MPA length, mid-cross-sectional area and mid-circumferate comparison of MPA measurements.

CustusX is an image-guided therapy (IGT) research platform dedicated to intraoperative navigation and ultrasound imaging. In this paper, we present CustusX as a robust, accurate, and extensible platform with full access to data and algorithms and show examples of application in technological and clinical IGT research.

CustusX has been developed continuously for more than 15 years based on requirements from clinical and technological researchers within the framework of a well-defined software quality process. The platform was designed as a layered architecture with plugins based on the CTK/OSGi framework, a superbuild that manages dependencies and features supporting the IGT workflow. We describe the use of the system in several different clinical settings and characterize major aspects of the system such as accuracy, frame rate, and latency.

The validation experiments show a navigation system accuracy of [Formula see text]1.1 mm, a frame rate of 20 fps, and latency of 285 ms for a typical setup. The current platform is extensible, user-friendly and has a streamlined architecture and quality process. CustusX has successfully been used for IGT research in neurosurgery, laparoscopic surgery, vascular surgery, and bronchoscopy.

CustusX is now a mature research platform for intraoperative navigation and ultrasound imaging and is ready for use by the IGT research community. CustusX is open-source and freely available at http//www.custusx.org.

CustusX is now a mature research platform for intraoperative navigation and ultrasound imaging and is ready for use by the IGT research community. CustusX is open-source and freely available at http//www.custusx.org.

Minimally invasive interventions offer benefits for patients, while also entailing drawbacks for surgeons, such as the loss of depth perception. Thus estimating distances, which is of particular importance in gastric bypasses, becomes difficult. In this paper, we propose an approach based on stereo endoscopy that segments organs on-the-fly and measures along their surface during a minimally invasive interventions. Here, the application of determining the length of bowel segments during a laparoscopic bariatric gastric bypass is the main focus, but the proposed method can easily be used for other types of measurements, e.g., the size of a hernia.

As input, image pairs from a calibrated stereo endoscope are used. Our proposed method is then divided into three steps First, we located structures of interest, such as organs and instruments, via random forest segmentation. Two modes of instrument detection are used. The first mode is based on an automatic segmentation, and the second mode uses input from the usfor determining the length of bowel segments. The only requirement for our approach is a calibrated stereo endoscope, thereby keeping the impact on the surgical workflow to a minimum.

We present and evaluate a novel approach that makes measuring on-the-fly during minimally invasive surgery possible. Furthermore, we compare different methods for determining the length of bowel segments. The only requirement for our approach is a calibrated stereo endoscope, thereby keeping the impact on the surgical workflow to a minimum.

We propose a combined floating autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display approach for telesurgical visualization, which could reproduce live surgical scene in a realistic and intuitive manner.

A polyhedron-shaped 3D display device is developed for spatially floating autostereoscopic 3D image. Integral videography (IV) technique is adopted to generate real-time 3D images. Combined two-dimensional (2D) and 3D displays are presented floatingly around the center of the display device through reflection of semitransparent mirrors. Intra-operative surgery information is fused and updated in the 3D display, so that telesurgical visualization could be enhanced remotely.

The experimental results showed that our approach can achieve a combined floating autostereoscopic display that presents 2D and 3D fusion images. The glasses-free IV 3D display has full parallax and can be observed by multiple persons from surrounding areas at the same time. Furthermore, real-time surgical scene could be presented and updated in a realistic and intuitive visualization platform. It is shown that the proposed method is feasible for facilitating telesurgical visualization.

The proposed floating autostereoscopic display device presents surgical information in an efficient form, so as to enhance operative cooperation and efficiency during operation. Combined presentation of imaging information is promising for medical applications.

The proposed floating autostereoscopic display device presents surgical information in an efficient form, so as to enhance operative cooperation and efficiency during operation. Combined presentation of imaging information is promising for medical applications.

In neurosurgery, an image-guided operation is performed to confirm that the surgical instruments reach the exact lesion position. Among the multiple imaging modalities, an X-ray fluoroscope mounted on C- or O-arm is widely used for monitoring the position of surgical instruments and the target position of the patient. However, frequently used fluoroscopy can result in relatively high radiation doses, particularly for complex interventional procedures. AG-14361 The proposed system can reduce radiation exposure and provide the accurate three-dimensional (3D) position information of surgical instruments and the target position.

X-ray and optical stereo vision systems have been proposed for the C- or O-arm. Two subsystems have same optical axis and are calibrated simultaneously. This provides easy augmentation of the camera image and the X-ray image. Further, the 3D measurement of both systems can be defined in a common coordinate space.

The proposed dual stereoscopic imaging system is designed and implemented for mounting on an O-arm. The calibration error of the 3D coordinates of the optical stereo and X-ray stereo is within 0.1 mm in terms of the mean and the standard deviation. Further, image augmentation with the camera image and the X-ray image using an artificial skull phantom is achieved.

As the developed dual stereoscopic imaging system provides 3D coordinates of the point of interest in both optical images and fluoroscopic images, it can be used by surgeons to confirm the position of surgical instruments in a 3D space with minimum radiation exposure and to verify whether the instruments reach the surgical target observed in fluoroscopic images.

As the developed dual stereoscopic imaging system provides 3D coordinates of the point of interest in both optical images and fluoroscopic images, it can be used by surgeons to confirm the position of surgical instruments in a 3D space with minimum radiation exposure and to verify whether the instruments reach the surgical target observed in fluoroscopic images.