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creening have a very favourable prognosis. In the rare case of detection of advanced stage cancer, survival probabilities are still much higher than those commonly reported for all patients regardless of mode of detection. Although these results cannot be taken to quantify screening effects, they provide useful and encouraging information for patients with screen-detected CRC and their physicians.

This study was supported in part by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Cancer Aid.

This study was supported in part by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Cancer Aid.

The direct effects of general adiposity (body mass index (BMI)) and central adiposity (waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR)) on circulating lipoproteins, lipids, and metabolites are unknown.

We used new metabolic data from UK Biobank (

=109,532, a five-fold higher N over previous studies). UC2288 EDTA-plasma was used to quantify 249 traits with nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy including subclass-specific lipoprotein concentrations and lipid content, plus pre-glycemic and inflammatory metabolites. We used univariable and multivariable two-stage least-squares regression models with genetic risk scores for BMI and WHR as instruments to estimate total (unadjusted) and direct (mutually-adjusted) effects of BMI and WHR on metabolic traits; plus effects on statin use and interaction by sex, statin use, and age (proxy for medication use).

Higher BMI decreased apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) before and after WHR-adjustment, whilst BMI increased triglycerides only before WHR-adjustment. Thesedical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Novo Nordisk; National Institute for Health Research; Wellcome Trust; Cancer Research UK.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100200.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100190.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100230.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.04.003.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100202.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100254.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100186.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.03.001.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2018.11.002.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.04.001.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100184.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.04.006.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.04.005.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100264.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100248.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100250.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100207.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100267.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100261.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100253.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100222.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100273.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100241.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100243.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100246.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100258.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100190.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100247.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100215.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100175.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100185.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100172.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100228.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100201.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.03.004.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100251.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100277.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100225.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100233.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100224.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100226.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100266.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100274.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100242.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100255.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100237.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100249.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100278.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2021.100245.][This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100209.].Excessive exposure to inorganic contaminants through ingestion of foods, such as those commonly referred to as heavy metals may cause cancer and other non-cancerous adverse effects. Infants and young children are especially vulnerable to these toxic effects due to their immature development and high 'food intake/ body weight' ratio. Concerns have been raised by multiple independent studies that heavy metals have been found to be present in many foods in the infant and child food sector. Most recently, reports from the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy suggest subpar testing practices, lenient or absent standards, and limited oversight of food manufacturers perpetuate the presence of these contaminants in infant and toddler foods. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the current state of policies in the United States designed to safe-guard against excessive heavy metal exposure and to discuss what is presently known about the presence of the so-called heavy metals; arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium found in infant and toddler foods. PubMed was used to search for studies published between 1999 and 2022 using a combination of search terms including "heavy metal," "contamination," "infant," "toddler," and "complementary food".A whole-grain (WG) diet affects human health in multiple ways. However, the effect of WG on the gut microbiota of the elderly individuals is still largely unknown. In this study, WG did not affect the microbial α-diversity but had a profound impact on the microbes' abundance in the elderly individuals. WG increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes. The prediction of microbial function showed that glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were inhibited. In addition, the effects of WG on the gut microbiota of normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) individuals were different. WG increased Verrucomicrobia in the NW group and decreased Firmicutes in the OW group. Meanwhile, the effect of WG on gut microbiota showed gender characteristics, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased in women, while Verrucomicrobia abundance was increased in men. The use of WG could improve the microbial composition and promote the growth of beneficial microbes, which may be beneficial to the health of the elderly individuals.Diet sustainability analyses inform policymaking decisions and provide clinicians and consumers with evidence-based information to make dietary changes. In the United States, the Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID) provides a crosswalk for integrating nationally representative data on food intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with data on sustainability outcomes from other publicly available databases. However, FCID has not been updated since 2010 and does not link with contemporary NHANES data, which limits further advancements in sustainability research. This study fills this research gap by establishing novel linkages between FCID and NHANES 2011-2018, comparing daily per capita food intake with and without these linkages, and making these data publicly available for use by other researchers. To update FCID, two investigators independently established novel data linkages, a third investigator resolved discrepancies, and a fourth investigator audited linkages for accuracy. Dietary data were acquired from nearly 45,000 adults from 2001 to 2018, and food intake was compared between updated vs. non-updated FCID versions. Total food intake from 2011 to 2018 was 5-23% higher using the updated FCID compared to the non-updated version, and intake was over 100% higher in some years for some food categories including poultry, eggs, legumes, starchy vegetables, and tropical oils (P less then 0.001 for all comparisons). Further efforts may be needed to create new food composition data to reflect new products and reformulations that enter the food supply over time. This study removes a barrier to further diet sustainability analyses by establishing a data crosswalk between contemporary NHANES and other publicly available databases on agricultural resource use, environmental impacts, and consumer food expenditures.

Prospective studies investigating sweet beverages and body weight associations show inconsistent results. Within the SWEET project, we examined prospective dose-response associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice with body weight-related outcomes among 78,286 Dutch adults followed for ~4 years. Baseline intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 150 ml representing a standard serving. Outcome variables were body weight change, waist circumference change, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity. Associations were investigated by using linear and non-linear dose-response analysis, as well as substitution models while adjusting for multiple socio-demographic, lifestyle, health, and dietary variables.

Participants were 46 ± 13 (mean ± SD) years old and 60% were women. Adjusted dose-response analyzes indicated an association between SSB and LNCB, and both body weight (+0.02 kg/year; SE 0.01 and +0.06 kg/year; SE 0.01)t-related outcomes. In contrast, fruit juice consumption <150 ml may be beneficial with respect to weight and waist circumference.

Overall, our results suggest that habitual consumption of both SSB and LNCB may adversely affect weight-related outcomes. In contrast, fruit juice consumption less then 150 ml may be beneficial with respect to weight and waist circumference.

To estimate the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and executive function (EF) among Chinese Tibetan adolescents.

Using three stages by stratified cluster sampling, 1,427 Chinese Tibetan adolescents were recruited from Tibet, China. SSB consumption status was obtained by questionnaires and the three core EFs (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) were tested by a modified Eriksen flanker task, N-back shift, and a more-odd shifting task. One-way ANOVA or Chi-square test was used to compare SSB consumption in different categories. Taking the SSB consumption 0 time/week group as the reference, general linear regression (for continuous variable) or Logical regression (classified variable) in three Models was conducted to analyze the relationship between SSB consumption and EF for Chinese Tibetan children and adolescents.

After adjustment of all the covariant in Model 2, all the EF indexes were higher in Chinese Tibetan adolescents with SSB consumption ≥2 times/week than that with SSB consumption of 0 times/week by 21.