Mccabebreum4908

A portion of the increase in within-burst firing following IH can be attributed to the carotid chemoreceptors. These data advance the mechanistic understanding of sympathetic activation following acute IH in humans.OBJECTIVE A computational model has been created to estimate the abdominal thickness of a patient following an X-ray examination; its intended application is assisting with patient dose audit of paediatric X-ray examinations. This work evaluates the accuracy of the computational model in a clinical setting for adult patients undergoing anteroposterior (AP) abdomen X-ray examinations. METHODS The model estimates patient thickness using the radiographic image, the exposure factors with which the image was acquired, a priori knowledge of the characteristics of the X-ray unit and detector and the results of extensive Monte Carlo simulation of patient examinations. For 20 patients undergoing AP abdominal X-ray examinations, the model was used to estimate the patient thickness; these estimates were compared against a direct measurement made at the time of the examination. RESULTS Estimates of patient thickness made using the model were on average within ±5.8% of the measured thickness. CONCLUSION The model can be used to accurately estimate the thickness of a patient undergoing an AP abdominal X-ray examination where the patient's size falls within the range of the size of patients used to create the computational model. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This work demonstrates that it is possible to accurately estimate the AP abdominal thickness of an adult patient using the digital X-ray image and a computational model.Objective There are multiple health benefits associated with both breastfeeding and practicing physical activity (PA). Therefore, it is likely that many women might want to engage in both. Ruboxistaurin concentration We designed the current randomized clinical trial to examine the effect of moderate- to high-intensity PA on human milk (HM) volume and macronutrient contents. Methods and Study Design In this prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial, we recruited 31 healthy mothers who had been exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Mothers expressed HM twice each day on 2 consecutive days-a day with PA (1-hour before and 1-hour after PA) and a control day without PA (at the exact same hours of the day). The order of days (with/without PA) was determined randomly. Macronutrients and energy contents of HM were analyzed using the Human Milk Analyzer (Miris AB, Uppsala, Sweden). PA was graded according to the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE scale). Results A total 124 HM samples from 31 mothers were analyzed. Moderate- to high-intensity PA affected neither macronutrients (fat, carbohydrates, protein) nor energy content. Milk volume remained unaffected by PA as well. Conclusions Maternal PA does not affect HM volume or its macronutrient contents. Lactating mothers can be reassured regarding their breast milk volume and composition while practicing PA of moderate to high intensity.Biology experiments in space seek to increase our understanding of what happens to life beyond Earth and how we can safely send life beyond Earth. Spaceflight is associated with many (mal)adaptations in physiology, including decline in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, vestibular, and immune systems. Biological experiments in space are inherently challenging to implement. Development of hardware and validation of experimental conditions are critical to ensure the collection of high-quality data. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been studied in space for more than 20 years to better understand spaceflight-induced (patho)physiology, particularly spaceflight-induced muscle decline. These experiments have used a variety of hardware configurations. Despite this, hardware used in the past was not available for our most recent experiment, the Molecular Muscle Experiment (MME). Therefore, we had to design and validate flight hardware for MME. MME provides a contemporary example of many of the challenges faced by researchers conducting C. elegans experiments onboard the International Space Station. Here, we describe the hardware selection and validation, in addition to the ground-based experiment scientific validation testing. These experiences and operational solutions allow others to replicate and/or improve our experimental design on future missions.RATIONALE Expansion of chronic ventilation options and shared-decision making have contributed to an increasing population of technology-dependent children. One particularly vulnerable group is children with tracheostomy who depend on technology for basic respiratory functions. Chronic critical care is now provided in the homecare setting with implications for family caregivers. OBJECTIVE This study explores the experience of family caregivers of children and young adults with a tracheostomy during the transition from hospital to home care. We sought to identify the specific unmet needs for families to direct future interventions. METHODS We recruited a convenience sample of families from an established home ventilation program to participate in semi-structured interviews. Sessions were conducted in person or via teleconference. A grounded-theory qualitative analysis was performed. RESULTS Between March 2017 and October 2018, we interviewed 13 individuals representing 12 families of children and/or young adults with tracheostomy. Patients ranged in age from 9 months-28 years, had a tracheostomy for 8 months-18 years and represented a variety of underlying diagnoses. Five key themes emerged 1) navigating home nursing, 2) care coordination and durable medical equipment (DME) impediments, 3) learning as a process, 4) managing emergencies, and 5) setting expectations. CONCLUSION Our findings support the need for family-centered discharge processes including coordination of care and teaching focused on emergency preparedness.RATIONALE COPD exacerbations are prone to non-recovery but there are no data about the effectiveness of retreatment on these prolonged events. We examined whether further therapy with ciprofloxacin for incompletely resolved COPD exacerbations prolonged the time until the next event. METHODS This multi-centre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial studied retreatment with oral ciprofloxacin 500mg or matched placebo twice daily for 7 days in patients with GOLD stage II - IV COPD with persistent symptoms and/or serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥8mg/L initiated 14 (+/- 3) days after an index COPD exacerbation. The primary outcome was the time to the next exacerbation within a 90-day period. RESULTS Of 826 patients screened at 4 centres, 144 eligible participants with incomplete recovery were randomised to receive ciprofloxacin (n=72) or placebo (n=72). 57% of patients in the ciprofloxacin group had experienced 1 or more exacerbations, compared to 53% in the placebo group. The median time to the next exacerbation was 32.