Friisshepard6398

Background In the context of major exposure to medical-based ionizing radiation (IR), French health institutions agree that adopting a precautionary approach is essential. A number of scientific studies have highlighted the risk of developing breast cancer after exposure to IR, even from low doses. However, the information circulating on the subject is varied. Objectives A study of the mainstream press was performed to better understand the elements constituting women's representations of IR in mammography for breast cancer screening. Study design The data used came from a corpus created with the mainstream press database 'Europresse.' The keyword 'mammography' was chosen. The software package Iramuteq was used to perform a statistical analysis of textual data using the Reinert method. Results This study highlights a paradox between the social principle of prevention and the discourse elements on mammography screening present in the mainstream press. Conclusion The general French press does not take into account radiation protection in cancer screening discourses. A greater effort to provide information on this subject is needed.Odors from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have attracted extensive attention and stringent environmental standards are more widely adopted to reduce odor emissions. Biological odor treatment methods have broader applications than the physical and chemical counterparts as they are environment-friendly, cost-effective and generate low secondary wastes. The aqueous activated sludge (AS) processes are among the most promising approaches for the prevention or end-of-pipe removal of odor emissions and have the potential to simultaneously treat odor and wastewater. However, AS deodorization biotechnologies in WWTPs still need to be further systematically summarized and categorized while in-depth discussions on the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of AS deodorization process are still lacking. Recently, considerable studies have been reported to elucidate the microbial metabolisms in odor control and wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the fundamentals, characteristics, advances and field experiences of three AS biotechnologies for odor treatment in WWTPs, i.e., AS recycling, microaeration in AS digester and AS diffusion. The underlying deodorization mechanisms of typical odors have been revealed through the summary of recent advances on multi-element conversions, metabolic interactions of bacteria, microscopic characterization and identification of functional microorganisms. Future research aspects to advance the emerging deodorization AS process, such as deodorization mechanisms, simultaneous odor and water treatment, synergistic treatment with other air emissions, are discussed.Purpose Enrolling traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with an inability to provide informed consent in research is challenging. Alternatives to patient consent are not sufficiently embedded in European and national legislation, which allows procedural variation and bias. We aimed to quantify variations in informed consent policy and practice. Methods Variation was explored in the CENTER-TBI study. Policies were reported by using a questionnaire and national legislation. buy CHR2797 Data on used informed consent procedures were available for 4498 patients from 57 centres across 17 European countries. Results Variation in the use of informed consent procedures was found between and within EU member states. Proxy informed consent (N = 1377;64%) was the most frequently used type of consent in the ICU, followed by patient informed consent (N = 426;20%) and deferred consent (N = 334;16%). Deferred consent was only actively used in 15 centres (26%), although it was considered valid in 47 centres (82%). Conclusions Alternatives to patient consent are essential for TBI research. While there seems to be concordance amongst national legislations, there is regional variability in institutional practices with respect to the use of different informed consent procedures. Variation could be caused by several reasons, including inconsistencies in clear legislation or knowledge of such legislation amongst researchers.Purpose End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) causes bleeding diathesis; however, whether these findings are extrapolable to acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. We assessed whether AKI is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Methods Single-center retrospective cohort study, excluding readmissions, admissions less then 24 h, ESKD or kidney transplants. The primary outcome was the development of incident bleeding analyzed by multivariate time-dependent Cox models. Results In 1001 patients, bleeding occurred in 48% of AKI and 57% of non-AKI patients (p = .007). To identify predictors of incident bleeding, we excluded patients who bled before ICU (n = 488). In bleeding-free patients (n = 513), we observed a trend toward higher risks of bleeding in AKI (22% vs. 16%, p = .06), and a higher risk of bleeding in AKI-requiring dialysis (38% vs. 17%, p = .01). Cirrhosis, AKI-requiring dialysis, anticoagulation, and coronary artery disease were associated with bleeding (HR 3.67, 95%CI1.33-10.25; HR 2.82, 95%CI1.26-6.32; HR 2.34, 95%CI1.45-3.80; and HR 1.84, 95%CI1.06-3.20, respectively), while SOFA score and sepsis had a protective association (HR 0.92 95%CI0.84-0.99 and HR 0.55, 95%CI0.34-0.91, respectively). Incident bleeding was not associated with mortality. Conclusions AKI-requiring dialysis was associated with incident bleeding, independent of anticoagulant administration. Studies are needed to better understand how AKI affects coagulation and clinical outcomes.Purpose To identify potential determinants of the Total/ionized Ca ratio (T/iCa), a marker of citrate accumulation. Materials and methods Single-center retrospective observational study evaluating citrate dose, citrate target, albumin, phosphate, pH, lactate, and APACHE II score as potential determinants. Linear mixed models (LMM) using citrate dose and citrate target were developed describing associations with T/iCa. Results From a dataset of 471 samples in 103 patients, an LMM in 379 complete samples (95 patients) sets revealed that citrate dose, pH, phosphate, albumin and APACHE were interactively related to T/iCa. A rising citrate dose was associated with a higher increase in T/iCa when phosphate was high, and less when phosphate was low. A rising albumin was associated with a higher increase in T/iCa when APACHE was high and phosphate was low and less when APACHE was low and phosphate high. In case of acidosis, a rising lactate was associated with a higher increase in T/iCa. In the LMM using citrate target, citrate target and pH were the main independent predictors of T/iCa with albumin, phosphate and APACHE score as modifiers. Conclusions Besides citrate dose, a high pH and high phosphate, albumin and APACHE are also associated with a rising T/iCa.Venous thrombosis is common in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.•Many of these thromboses may be immunothromboses due to local inflammation, rather than thromboembolic disease.•Anticoagulated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have a risk of major bleeding.Background Platelet refractoriness remains a challenging clinical dilemma although significant advancements have been made in identifying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched or HLA compatible units. link2 Antiplatelet antibodies are the major risk factor for immune-mediated platelet refractoriness, yet the role of antibody-initiated complement-mediated platelet destruction remains poorly understood. Study design and methods Human complement-mediated opsonization and killing of platelets was assayed ex vivo using antibody-sensitized human platelets incubated with complement-sufficient human sera. A new animal model of platelet refractoriness utilizing Wistar rats transfused with human platelets is described. Results Human platelets sensitized with anti-platelet antibodies were rapidly opsonized with iC3b upon incubation in human sera. This opsonization could be completely blocked with a classical pathway complement inhibitor, PA-dPEG24. Complement activation decreased platelet viability, which was also reversible with complement inhibitor PA-dPEG24. A new rat model of platelet refractoriness was developed that demonstrated some platelet removal from the blood stream was complement mediated. Conclusions Complement activation initiated by anti-platelet antibodies leads to complement opsonization and decreased platelet viability. A new rat model of platelet refractoriness was developed that adds a new tool for elucidating the mechanisms of platelet refractoriness.Autophagy has been identified as an important immune regulatory mechanism. Recent studies have linked macrophage autophagy with innate immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), which can survive within macrophages by blocking fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes. These findings suggest that autophagy is a regulatable cellular mechanism of M. tuberculosis defense in macrophages. Transcriptomic profiles in human blood in TB patients suggest that M. tuberculosis affects autophagy related pathways. In order to better understand the role of macrophage autophagy in enhancing protective immunity against M. link3 tuberculosis, in this study, we investigate the effects of the autophagy activators rapamycin and LPS in macrophage autophagy and immunity against M. tuberculosis. We confirm that rapamycin and LPS induce autophagy in M. tuberculosis infected THP-1-derived macrophages or PMA primed THP-1 macrophages [THP-1(A)]. LPS restores M. tuberculosis-inhibited IL-12 synthesis and secretion in THP-1(A) cells via autophagy. Similarly, autophagy activators increase IL-12 synthesis and secretion in THP-1(A) cells. These studies demonstrate the importance of autophagy in M. tuberculosis elimination in macrophages and may lead to novel therapies for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections.Suicidal behaviors are strongly linked with mood disorders, but the specific neurobiological and functional gene-expression correlates for this linkage remain elusive. We performed neuroimaging-guided RNA-sequencing in two studies to test the hypothesis that imaging-localized gray matter volume (GMV) loss in mood disorders, harbors gene-expression changes associated with disease morbidity and related suicide mortality in an independent postmortem cohort. To do so, first, we conducted study 1 using an anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) MRI meta-analysis including a total of 47 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) publications (i.e. 26 control versus (vs) major depressive disorder (MDD) studies, and 21 control vs bipolar disorder (BD) studies) in 2387 (living) participants. Study 1 meta-analysis identified a selective anterior insula cortex (AIC) GMV loss in mood disorders. We then used this results to guide study 2 postmortem tissue dissection and RNA-Sequencing of 100 independent donor brain samples with a life-time history of MDD (N = 30), BD (N = 37) and control (N = 33). In study 2, exploratory factor-analysis identified a higher-order factor representing number of Axis-1 diagnoses (e.g. substance use disorders/psychosis/anxiety, etc.), referred to here as morbidity and suicide-completion referred to as mortality. Comparisons of case-vs-control, and factor-analysis defined higher-order-factor contrast variables revealed that the imaging-identified AIC GMV loss sub-region harbors differential gene-expression changes in high morbidity-&-mortality versus low morbidity-&-mortality cohorts in immune, inflammasome, and neurodevelopmental pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis further identified co-activated gene modules for psychiatric morbidity and mortality outcomes. These results provide evidence that AIC anatomical signature for mood disorders are possible correlates for gene-expression abnormalities in mood morbidity and suicide mortality.