Lambgundersen8413

The study suggests that hydroponic culture to be a sustainable solution and possible substitute to tissue culture that may be exploited for scalable cultivation of the plant.Processing Norwegian spring-spawning herring (NSSH) yields large amounts of rest raw material which currently is used mainly for production of fish oil and fish meal for feed in aquaculture. However, belly flaps from NSSH might be a profitable resource as a food product. This study investigates the nutritional composition of the belly flaps. NSSH was harvested in the main season between September and February. Chemical analyses of fatty acids, protein and vitamin A and D in belly flaps were conducted. Belly flaps from NSSH had a mean fat and protein content of 32.3 ± 6.9 g/100 g and 12.6 ± 0.9 g/100g, respectively. Mean vitamin D level was 53.5 ± 8.5 μg/100 g and mean eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were 2.0 ± 0.8 g/100g and 2.3 ± 1.0 g/100g, respectively. Belly flap from NSSH contains twice the amount of vitamin D, EPA and DHA compared to NSSH fillet. There were large seasonal variations in the amount of both vitamin D, EPA and DHA. Mean level of vitamin A was 45.0 ± 8.9 μg/100 g. Belly flap from NSSH is a potential product for human consumption with a high nutritional value.Koelreuteria paniculata is a deciduous tree, popular in temperate regions for its ornamental value, which accumulates unusual cyanolipids in its seeds. The seed oil of this plant is rich in the unusual cis-11-eicosenoic fatty acid (201, or gondoic acid), a monounsaturated oil of interest to the oleochemical industry. In higher plants, de novo fatty acid biosynthesis takes place in the plastids, a process that is terminated by hydrolysis of the thioester bond between the acyl moiety and the ACP by acyl-ACP thioesterases. The specificity of acyl-ACP thioesterases is fundamental in controlling the fatty acid composition of seed oil. To determine the mechanisms involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in K. paniculata seeds, we isolated, cloned and sequenced two cDNAs encoding acyl-ACP thioesterases in this plant, KpFatA and KpFatB. Both of them were expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli and characterized with different acyl-ACP substrates. Deferiprone purchase The K. paniculata FatB2 displayed unusual substrate specificity, so that unlike most FatB2 type enzymes, it displayed preference for oleoyl-ACP instead of palmitoyl-ACP. This specificity was consistent with the changes in E. coli and N. benthamiana fatty acid composition following heterologous expression of this enzyme. KpFatB also showed certain genetic divergence relative to other FatB-type thioesterases and when modelled, its structure revealed differences at the active site. Together, these results suggest that this thioesterase could be a new class of FatB not described previously.In dryland areas, the increasing demand for sustainable production needs to effectively utilize and manage residue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential, quality, and quantity assessment of sesame residue in dryland areas. Quantification of residue potential was performed at 1050 m respectively. The TN, S, P, Zn, Fe, Cu, and B potentially produced from sesame residue were in the range of 49.4-69.6 kg N ha-1, 8.5-19.3 kg S ha-1, 8.7-10.5 kg P ha-1, 294-463 mg Zn ha-1, 1.99-2.62 g Fe ha-1, 125-342 mg Cu ha-1 and 183-214 mg B ha-1 respectively. This study clearly concludes that fresh and old residue as well as elevation are critical factors that need to be considered for exploring crop residue and its nutrient potential, quality, and quantity aspects in dryland farming systems.Pineapple, a tropical fruit that is well known for its excellent nutritional characteristics. Rasgulla (sweetened cheese ball) is a dairy based popular sweet found all over India. To enrich the nutritional profile, vitamin content, organic acid and carotene content profile of normal dairy rasgulla (sweetened casein ball) and to make it functionally more active for human health, fortification of rasgulla has been done by using normal pineapple pulp along with hot air, freeze, microwave and microwave convective dried pineapple pulp for overall comparative analysis and they are coded as PP, PH, PF, PMW and PMWC respectively. By using RP-HPLC method quantification of vitamin A, vitamin B group (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 and B12), tocopherols (α, β, γ and δ form), vitamin C, carotene (α, β, γ and δ form) profile and organic acid profile (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, succinic acid [SA], and fumaric acid) of all the rasgulla samples are estimated. A significant increase is found for differently fortified rasgulla samples in terms of vitamins content, organic acid and carotene content. B1, B3, B7 and B12 are found maximum in PF whereas B5, B6 and B2 are found maximum for PMWC, PP and NR. The maximum amount of vitamin C and tocopherol are found in PP and PF. PMWC is reported to have maximum carotene content compared to all other samples.The Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) work in concert with other immune factors to modulate immunity to viral infections. Extensive variation has been reported in the genetic sequences and functions of classical HLA class I genes in many (mostly Western) populations, and several HLA associations with infectious disease outcomes have been reported. Little is known about their role in the susceptibility or resistance to hepatitis viruses in Central African populations. The aim of this study was to determine variants of two HLA class I genes (HLA-A and -C) in adults infected with hepatitis B (HBV)- or -C (HCV) virus in Cameroon. In this case-control study, a total of 169 unrelated adults comprising 68 HCV-infected, 38 HBV-infected and 63 uninfected (controls) individuals participated. Each consented participant was screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and willingly donated a single blood sample for genomic DNA isolation and some clinical laboratory tests. HLA-A and HLA-C were genotyped using previously described sequence-based techniques (SBT). A total of 54 HLA alleles were identified in the study population (27 HLA-A and 27 HLA-C). HLA-A∗2301 and HLA-C∗0701 were the most common alleles with genotype frequencies of 31.4% and 29.3%, respectively. Hepatitis individuals were six times more likely to be HLA-A∗3001 carriers than uninfected controls (OR = 6.30, p = 0.020 (HBV); OR = 6.21, p = 0.010 (HCV), respectively). Similarly, carriers of HLA-C∗1701 were over-represented in the HBV-infected compared to the uninfected control group (21.9% vs. 6.4%, respectively) suggesting that this allele could play a role in the susceptibility to HBV infection. These findings demonstrate that carriers of HLA-A∗3001 were over-represented in the hepatitis group compared to uninfected controls while HLA-C∗1701 was completely absent in the HCV + group.There are various situations when honey can be reasonably used in cases of disease, for example radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. We investigated the underlying reasons why women eat honey and why some would refuse to use honey even if it was reasonable to do so. In order to answer these questions, we asked 201 women to answer various questions related to the consumption of honey. We found that the preferred routes of administration change when honey is used as a remedy. Most importantly, we identified "organic beekeeping" and a second factor related to the perception of honey regarding price, handling and health by principal component analysis as relevant regarding the refusal of the use of honey even when scientifically reasonable. If honey is to become an acceptable treatment option, it seems important to address all aspects of ethical beekeeping in the production of medicinal bee products.Radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods have always represented a technique of choice for the determination of steroids in biological samples. The Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogenous Assay-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (AlphaLISA) is now emerging as the new-generation immunoassay technology that does not require washing/separation steps. The aim of this study was to adapt the Perkin-Elmer's AlphaLISA kit for wool cortisol and compare it with a RIA wool cortisol assay. Wool from lambs, 35 at birth (A0) and 54 at two months old (A2), was collected and each extract was evaluated for wool cortisol concentrations (HCC) both by RIA and AlphaLISA immunoassay. The two methods showed good precision, sensitivity and specificity for determining HCC. Both methods were able to detect significant differences between the high and the low HCC assessed in lambs at A0 and A2 (P less then 0.01). The HCC assessed with RIA were significantly higher than those assessed with AlphaLISA (P less then 0.01). Moreover, the correlation between HCC measured using the AlphaLISA and RIA methods was strong (r = 0.878). The regression analyses show a constant and not proportional error. This could be due to the diversity in the dosage steps and to the diversity of the molecules used in the two methods. Results support the validity of using AlphaLISA as an alternative method to RIA for the quantification of cortisol in sheep wool and considering the performances showed it has a great potential to be further applied as an excellent tool to evaluate HCC in samples derived from animal species.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of edible coatings of chitosan dissolved with liquid smoke in preserving meatballs. The liquid smoke was derived from rice hulls pyrolyzed at 340 °C. The edible coating was made by dissolving 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% chitosan in 100 ml of liquid smoke at concentrations of 3% and 5%. Preservation was carried out by soaking the meatballs in the edible coating solution for 15 min and storing them at room temperature with observations every 6 h. Food resistance was examined using the Antibacterial Activity Test, Total Plate Count (TPC), and Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVB-N). The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that chitosan-dissolved liquid smoke had inhibition zones ranging from 6.49-7.07 mm against E. coli and 6.52-7.26 mm against Salmonella bacteria. The use of 5% concentrated liquid smoke reduced the number of bacterial colonies, with TPC values not below the SNI threshold after 48-hour storage. This indicates that liquid smoke has potential as an antibacterial. The TVB-N value doubled after 24 h, but the meatballs still had good freshness. After 54 h of storage time, the TVB-N value in all treatments exceeded the SNI threshold of 0.254 mgN/100 g, and the meatballs were no longer suitable for consumption.Previous reports demonstrated the utility of systemic application of growth hormone (GH) in the treatment of bone defects. Very few studies correlated bone repair efficacy with hepatic and renal side effects promoted by locally-delivered GH. The objectives of this study were to assess the bone repair properties along with hepatic and renal adverse effects promoted by local application of GH in a rat model. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided (4 groups; n = 8/group), as follows (i) AB (autogenous bone + local application of saline solution [SS]), (ii) AB+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + SS irrigation), (iii) AB/GH+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + GH irrigation) and (iv) AB/GHL+ (autogenous bone + GH local application + GH irrigation). Critical-sized defects (diameter = 5.0 mm) were surgically created by a single operator in the calvaria of rats. Defects were filled with ground autogenous bone. Defects pertaining to AB+ and AB/GH+ received a mixture of autogenous bone and a SS-saturated (0.