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Taken together, we established a reliable and robust cell-based RGA, which potentially serves as a valubale alternative bioactivity determination assay for the release control and stability study of anti-IL-23 mAbs.To overcome the drug toxicity and frequent resistance of parasites against the conventional drugs for the healing of human visceral leishmaniasis, innovative plant derived antileishmanial components are very imperative. Fuelled by the complications of clinically available antileishmanial drugs, a novel potato serine protease inhibitor was identified with its efficacy on experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The serine protease inhibitors from potato tuber extract (PTEx) bearing molecular mass of 39 kDa (PTF1), 23 kDa (PTF2) and 17 kDa (PTF3) were purified and identified. Among them, PTF3 was selected as the most active inhibitor (IC50 143.5 ± 2.4 µg/ml) regarding its antileishmanial property. Again, intracellular amastigote load was reduced upto 83.1 ± 1.7% in pre-treated parasite and 88.5 ± 0.5% in in vivo model with effective dose of PTF3. Protective immune response by PTF3 was noted with increased production of antimicrobial substances and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic potency of PTF3 is also followed by 80% survival in infected hamster. The peptide mass fingerprint (MALDI-TOF) results showed similarity of PTF3 with serine protease inhibitors database. Altogether, these results strongly propose the effectiveness of PTF3 as potent immunomodulatory therapeutics for controlling VL.Rhein has protective effect on uric acid nephropathy (UAN). This article aims to demystify the mechanism of function of rhein in UAN. Mouse kidney epithelial cell line (TCMK-1) was incubated with uric acid (UA) to induce inflammatory injury. Then, the TCMK-1 cells were treated with rhein. The relationships among lincRNA-Cox2, miR-150-5p and STAT1 were evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. CCK8 and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to examine the expression of genes and proteins. We found that UA suppressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis and the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α of TCMK-1 cells, which was effectively improved by rhein treatment. Furthermore, lincRNA-Cox2 overexpression caused an increase of apoptosis and inflammatory factors in the rhein-treated TCMK-1 cells. LincRNA-Cox2 regulated STAT1 expression by sponging miR-150-5p. And lincRNA-Cox2 promoted apoptosis and inflammatory injury of TCMK-1 cells by regulating miR-150-5p/STAT1 axis. In summary, our studies demonstrate that rhein has a protective effect against UAN by inhibiting renal inflammatory injury via lincRNA-Cox2/miR-150-5p/STAT1 axis.3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THCA), a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acid, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of THCA on pulmonary inflammation in an experimental COPD model elicited by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Oral administration of THCA significantly inhibited the activity of elastase, the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of experimental COPD mice. THCA also exerted inhibitory effects on the recruitment of inflammatory cells, the levels of PAS positive cells and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) activation, and the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) in the lungs of experimental COPD mice. In addition, THCA exerted a regulatory effect on the activation of p38, ERK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lungs of experimental COPD mice. THCA also significantly upregulated the expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1) 1 (NQO1) and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the lungs of mice. Furthermore, THC restored the reduction of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in the lungs of experimental COPD mice. In phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated A549 or H292 airway epithelial cells, pretreatment of THCA dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IL-6. THCA also led to increased NQO1 expression in H292 cells. Collectively, these protective effects of antioxidant THCA were notably excellent and are thought to be associated with the downregulation of MAPK (partial)/NF-κB signaling and upregulation of NQO1 and SIRT1 expression.With the discovery that pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is active against virus infection in plants less than a decade ago, we began to understand that antiviral immunity goes far beyond RNA silencing and resistance gene-mediated immunity and is much more complex than previously thought. Since then, receptor kinases, signaling components and outputs, and viral suppressors of PTI were discovered and double-stranded RNAs as well as possibly other viral nucleic acids identified as candidates for viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in plants. Here, we summarize recent progress in PAMP-triggered antiviral immunity in plants and discuss possible crosstalk between dsRNA-triggered defense pathways.Background and aims The nationwide lockdown was imposed in India following novel coronavirus pandemic. In this paper, we discuss socio-economic, health and National healthcare challenges following lockdown, with focus on population belonging to low socio-economic stratum (SES). Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In addition, existing guidelines including those by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and articles from several non-academic sources (e.g. news websites etc.) were accessed. Results While the nationwide lockdown has resulted in financial losses and has affected all segments of society, the domino effect on health, healthcare and nutrition could possibly pose major setbacks to previously gained successes of National health programs. Conclusion Apart from firm economic measures, all National Health Programs should be re-strengthened to avert possible surge of communicable (apart from COVID19) and non-communicable diseases. These efforts should be focussed on population belonging to low SES.Background Localized scleroderma (LS) is a rare chronic immune-mediated skin condition of unknown etiology characterized by an inflammatory response in the skin and subcutaneous tissues resulting in collagen deposition and subsequent fibrosis. There is no cure for LS. No therapies have been licensed specifically for the treatment of LS and the clinical management of the disease remains largely empirical. Abatacept, a recombinant fusion protein interfering with the T-cell costimulatory pathway, has been reported to be effective in adult cases of LS. We report the successful use of abatacept in a juvenile localized scleroderma (jLS) cohort and conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of abatacept in the treatment of LS. Methods We compiled retrospectively the clinical data on 8 cases of jLS that were treated with abatacept in our academic center. Estrogen agonist A systematic review protocol was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (P clinical practice guidelines should take a measured approach to such recommended therapy. Nonetheless, as the empirical evidence on the clinical effectiveness of abatacept in the treatment of LS accumulates, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial is necessary to formally evaluate the observations documented by case-based reports.The Finite element modeling (FEM) simulation and comparison of electroacoustic properties for alternating current poling (ACP) phased arrays and direct current poling (DCP) phased arrays were investigated. The simulated electrical impedance reveals that the effective working bandwidth of ACP phased arrays is wider than that of DCP phased arrays as a whole. Besides, the ACP phased arrays have a higher effective electromechanical coupling coefficient keff compared to DCP arrays, which indicates that higher electromechanical conversion capacity is obtained. The average value of the ratio of longitudinal displacement Rdisp for ACP phased arrays is larger than that of DCP arrays, indicating that the longitudinal transmission efficiency of acoustic energy can be enhanced by using the ACP method. The simulation results of crosstalk are consistent with the results of vibration modal analysis. The coupling effect of transverse vibration for ACP phased arrays is weaker than that of DCP arrays, leading to reduce the interaction between the adjacent elements. The crosstalk of the ACP arrays is -11.87 dB, 0.91 dB lower than that of DCP arrays. The pulse-echo response of ACP phased arrays is 7.2% broader -6 dB bandwidth, 0.79 dB higher relative sensitivity compared to the DCP phased arrays, which prove that the longitudinal resolution and penetration depth of the ultrasonic imaging can be improved by using the ACP arrays. Besides, the consequences of the beam profile illustrate that the maximum acoustic pressure of ACP arrays is 13.8% higher than that of DCP arrays and the directivity of ACP array is slightly better than that of DCP arrays.The viscoelastic properties of tissues can reflect human physiological and pathological conditions. During and after the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, measuring the viscoelasticity of HIFU ablated tissue is important for therapy evaluation. link2 Two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) method has been reported to quantify elasticity and viscosity. However, a deviation is induced by under-sampling in practical application. This work proposes an approach based on the convolution theorem and model fitting to solve the finite spatial data problem. A model using the convolution theorem was constructed, and mean-square error (MSE) was calculated to determine the optimal fitting between the model and experimental data. For validation, HIFU therapeutic experiments were conducted in polyacrylamide-bovine serum (BAS) transparent tissue-mimicking phantoms. This approach was used to quantify the viscoelasticity of HIFU ablation and untreated phantoms. Acoustic-radiation-force (ARF) shear wave was generated by the same HIFU therapeutic transducer, and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was used for the high-resolution measurement of shear wave signals. Results suggest that the shear elasticity and viscosity of untreated phantoms are generally smaller than those of HIFU ablation. Thus, the proposed method may be helpful for HIFU treatment monitoring.The accurate measurement of assembly fastening force of the high-pressure compressor rotor is of great significance to improve the structural connection quality and comprehensive performance of aero-engine. To solve the problem that liquid couplant reduces the measurement accuracy and causes the surface of the bolt to rust and corrode, a method of measuring the fastening force with dry-coupled ultrasonic wave was proposed in this paper. The measurement model of the fastening force including the thickness of the protective film of the ultrasonic transducer and the couplant was established, and the influence of the thickness variation in the couplant on the measurement accuracy of the fastening force was analyzed. link3 Based on the propagation model of the ultrasonic wave on the heterogeneous interface and the principle of ultrasonic dry coupling, a coupling device was designed. At last, the experiment of fastening force measurement based on dry coupling and liquid coupling ultrasonic wave was carried out and compared.

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