Allredhuang9654
The rectification of heat current is enhanced for strong on-dot Coulomb interaction and at low background thermal energy. In the latter case, we study the variation of thermovoltage, thermopower, maximum power output, and corresponding efficiency with the applied thermal gradient. These results illustrate that hybrid superconductor-QD nanostructures are promising candidates for the low-temperature thermal applications.Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a key role in the field of fuel cells. Efficient electrocatalysts for the ORR are important for fuel cells commercialization. Pt and its alloys are main active materials for ORR. However, their high cost and susceptibility to time-dependent drift hinders their applicability. Satisfactory catalytic activity of nanostructured transition metal phthalocyanine complexes (MPc) in ORR through the occurrence of molecular catalysis on the surface of MPc indicates their potential as a replacement material for precious-metal catalysts. Problems of MPc are analyzed on the basis of chemical structure and microstructure characteristics used in oxygen reduction catalysis, and the strategy for controlling the structure of MPc is proposed to improve the catalytic performance of ORR in this review.Objective.Breathing motion (respiratory kinematics) can be characterized by the interval and depth of each breath, and by magnitude-synchrony relationships between locations. Such characteristics and their breath-by-breath variability might be useful indicators of respiratory health. To enable breath-by-breath characterization of respiratory kinematics, we developed a method to detect breaths using motion sensors.Approach.In 34 volunteers who underwent maximal exercise testing, we used 8 motion sensors to record upper rib, lower rib and abdominal kinematics at 3 exercise stages (rest, lactate threshold and exhaustion). We recorded volumetric air flow signals using clinical exercise laboratory equipment and synchronized them with kinematic signals. Using instantaneous phase landmarks from the analytic representation of kinematic and flow signals, we identified individual breaths and derived respiratory rate (RR) signals at 1 Hz. To evaluate the fidelity of kinematics-derived RR, we calculated bias, limits of aatterns on a breath-by-breath basis. The relationship between respiratory kinematics and flow is much more complex than expected, varying between and within individuals.W- and Mo-oxides form an interesting class of materials, featuring structural complexities, stoichiometric flexibility, and versatile physical and chemical properties that render them attractive for many applications in diverse fields of nanotechnologies. In nanostructured form, novel properties and functionalities emerge as a result of quantum size and confinement effects. In this topical review, W- and Mo-oxide nanosystems are examined with particular emphasis on two-dimensional (2D) layers and small molecular-type clusters. We focus on the epitaxial growth of 2D layers on metal single crystal surfaces and investigate their novel geometries and structures by a surface science approach. The coupling between the oxide overlayer and the metal substrate surface is a decisive element in the formation of the oxide structures and interfacial strain and charge transfer are shown to determine the lowest energy structures. Atomic structure models as determined by density functional theory (DFT) simulations are reportid-state chemical reactions with pre-deposited surface oxide layers to form 2D ternary oxide compounds (tungstates, molybdates) have also been reported. The clusters have been proposed as model systems for molecular studies of reactive centres in catalytic reactions. Studies of the catalysis of (MO3)3clusters in unsupported and supported forms, using the conversion of alcohols as model reactions, are discussed. Finally, we close with a brief outlook of future perspectives.Tissue-engineered living machines is an emerging discipline that employs complex interactions between living cells and engineered scaffolds to self-assemble biohybrid systems for diverse scientific research and technological applications. Here, we report an adaptive, autonomous biohybrid pumping machine with flow loop feedback powered by engineered living muscles. The tissue is made from skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) and collagen I/Matrigel matrix, which self-assembles into a ring that compresses a soft hydrogel tube connected at both ends to a rigid fluidic platform. The muscle ring contracts in a repetitive fashion autonomously squeezing the tube, resulting in an impedance pump. The resulting flow is circulated back to the muscle ring forming a feedback loop, which allows the pump to respond to the cues received from the flow it generates and adaptively manage its pumping performances based on the feedback. The developed biohybrid pumping system may have broad utility and impact in health, medicine and bioengineering.Triple-component fermions (TCFs) are pseudospin-1 quasiparticles hosted by certain three-band semimetals in the vicinity of their band-touching nodes (2019Phys. Rev.B100235201). The excitations comprise of a flat band and two dispersive bands. The energies of the dispersive bands areE±=±αn2k⊥2n+vz2kz2withk⊥=kx2+ky2andn= 1, 2, 3. In this work, we obtain the exact expression of Berry curvature, approximate form of density of states and Fermi energy as a function of carrier density for any value ofn. In particular, we study the Berry curvature induced electrical and thermal magnetotransport properties of quadratic (n= 2) TCFs using semiclassical Boltzmann transport formalism. Since the energy spectrum is anisotropic, we consider two orientations of magnetic field (B) (i)Bapplied in thex-yplane and (ii)Bapplied in thex-zplane. For both the orientations, the longitudinal and planar magnetoelectric/magnetothermal conductivities show the usual quadratic-Bdependence and oscillatory behavior with respect to the angle between the applied electric field/temperature gradient and magnetic field as observed in other topological semimetals. However, the out-of-plane magnetoconductivity has an oscillatory dependence on angle between the applied fields for the second orientation but is angle-independent for the first one. We observe large differences in the magnitudes of transport coefficients for the two orientations at a given Fermi energy. A noteworthy feature of quadratic TCFs which is typically absent in conventional systems is that certain transport coefficients and their ratios are independent of Fermi energy within the low-energy model.Hierarchical α-MnO2 nanowires with oxygen vacancies grown on carbon fiber have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method with the assistance of Ti4+ ions. Ti4+ ions play an important role in controlling the morphology and crystalline structure of MnO2. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized MnO2 could be tuned from δ-MnO2 nanosheets to hierarchical α-MnO2 nanowires with the help of Ti4+ ions. Based on its fascinating properties, such as many oxygen vacancies, high specific surface area and the interconnected porous structure, the α-MnO2 electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 472 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and the rate capability of 57.6% (from 1 to 16A g-1). The assembled symmetric supercapacitor based on α-MnO2 electrode exhibits remarkable performance with a high energy density of 44.5 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 2.0 kW kg-1 and good cyclic stability (92.6% after 10000 cycles). Selleck NCB-0846 This work will provide a reference for exploring and designing high-performance MnO2 materials.Using the analysis of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetization (M) measured in the temperature range of 1.5 K to 400 K in magnetic fields up to 250 kOe, the magnetic field-temperature (H-T) phase diagram, tricritical point and exchange constants of the antiferromagnetic MnTa2O6are determined in this work. X-ray diffraction/Rietveld refinement and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the polycrystalline MnTa2O6sample verified its phase purity. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilityχ(=M/H) yields the Néel temperatureTN= 5.97 K determined from the peak in the computed ∂(χT)/∂TvsTplot, in agreement with theTN= 6.00 K determined from the peak in theCPvsTdata. The experimental data ofCPvsTnearTNis fitted toCP=A|T-TN|-αyielding the critical exponentα= 0.10(0.13) forT>TN(T 25 K fits well with the modified Curie-Weiss lawχ=χ0+C/(T-θ) withχ0= -2.12 × 10-4emu mol-1 Oe-1yieldingθ= -24 K, andC= 4.44 emu K mol-1 Oe-1, the later giving magnetic momentμ= 5.96 μBper Mn2+ion. This yields the effective spinS= 5/2 andg= 2.015 for Mn2+, in agreement withg= 2.0155 measured using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Using the magnitudes ofθandTNand molecular field theory, the antiferromagnetic exchange constantsJ0/kB= -1.5 ± 0.2 K andJ⊥/kB= -0.85 ± 0.05 K for Mn2+ions along the chainc-axis and perpendicular to thec-axis respectively are determined. TheχvsTdata when compared to the prediction of a Heisenberg linear chain model provides semiquantitative agreement with the observed variation. TheH-Tphase diagram is mapped using theM-Hisotherms andM-Tdata at differentHyielding the tricritical pointTTP(H,T) = (17.0 kOe, 5.69 K) separating the paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and spin-flop phases. At 1.5 K, the experimental magnitudes of the exchange fieldHE= 206.4 kOe and spin-flop fieldHSF= 23.5 kOe yield the anisotropy fieldHA= 1.34 kOe. These results for MnTa2O6are compared with those reported recently in the isostructural MnNb2O6.
To study how marital status influences overall survival (OS) in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). And whether the result is valid in different time periods.
We retrospectively analyzed 55,207 cases of stage IA NSCLC from 1995 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Marital status was classified as follows married or with unmarried/domestic partner (MR/W.P), divorced or separated (DV/SP), widowed (WD), and single (never married). Patients diagnosed in 1995-2005 and 2006-2015 were analyzed separately as groups 1 and 2, respectively, to validate the results. Within each group, age-stratified demographic, clinicopathologic features, and OS were compared among different marital statuses.
A total of 55,207 cases were included (group 1 n=20,223, group 2 n=34,984). From 1995-2005 to 2006-2015, median OS was prolonged significantly in all patients besides the DV/SP subgroup. In general, being MR/W.P was associated with the lowest relative risk of death in the study population (Group 1, HR= 0.854, 95%CI 0.816-0.893; Group 2, HR = 0.799, 95%CI 0.758-0.842). Meanwhile, OS of DV/SP and widowed patients was similar. In group 2, being single was associated with lower risk of death beyond 60-year-old.
A total of 55,207 cases were included (group 1 n=20,223, group 2 n=34,984). From 1995-2005 to 2006-2015, median OS was prolonged significantly in all patients besides the DV/SP subgroup. In general, being MR/W.P was associated with the lowest relative risk of death in the study population (Group 1, HR= 0.854, 95%CI 0.816-0.893; Group 2, HR = 0.799, 95%CI 0.758-0.842). Meanwhile, OS of DV/SP and widowed patients was similar. In group 2, being single was associated with lower risk of death beyond 60-year-old.
