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The traditional and health values placed on baijiu, and its association with wellbeing, may help inform policy developments and alcohol reduction campaigns.
The traditional and health values placed on baijiu, and its association with wellbeing, may help inform policy developments and alcohol reduction campaigns.As part of the 2020 Immunotherapy Bridge virtual congress (December 2nd-3rd, Italy), the Great Debate session featured counterpoint views from leading experts on three clinical questions in immunotherapy today. The first of these was whether antitumoral vaccination is still a treatment option. The second topic debated whether anti-programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (L)1 blockade should be the backbone for immunotherapy combination. Finally, the use of innovative study designs and surrogate endpoints was considered from both an academic and industry perspective. For each topic, two experts presented the argument and counter-argument in support of two different points of view. As with previous Bridge congresses, the debates were assigned by meeting Chairs and positions taken by experts during the debates may not have necessarily reflected their respective personal view. The views summarised in this article are based on available evidence but may reflect personal interpretation of these data, clinical experience and subjective opinion of the speaker.
Involving the end-users of scientific research (patients, carers and clinicians) in setting research priorities is important to formulate research questions that truly make a difference and are in tune with the needs of patients. We therefore aimed to generate a national research agenda for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) together with patients, their caregivers and healthcare professionals through conducting a nationwide survey among these stakeholders.
The James Lind Alliance method was used, tailored with additional focus groups held to involve younger patients. First, research questions were gathered through an online and hardcopy survey. The received questions that were in scope were summarised and a literature search was performed to verify that questions were unanswered. Questions were ranked in the interim survey, and the final top 10 was chosen during a prioritisation workshop.
Two hundred and seventy-eight respondents submitted 604 questions, of which 519 were in scope. Of these 604 questies for JIA of patients, their caregivers and clinicians were identified to inform researchers and research funders of the research topics that matter most to them. The top priority involves the treatment and mechanisms behind persisting pain and fatigue when the disease is in remission.
Recent evidence suggests that disinhibition and/or hyperexcitation of the brainstem descending pathways and intraspinal motor network diffuse spastic synergistic activation patterns after stroke. This results in simplified or merged muscle sets (i.e., muscle modules or synergies) compared to non-impaired individuals and this leads to poor walking performance. However, the relations of how these neuromuscular deficits influence gait quality (e.g., symmetry or natural walking patterns) are still unclear. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the relations of modular neuromuscular framework and gait quality measures in chronic stroke individuals.
Sixteen chronic post-stroke individuals participated in this study. Full lower body three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography (EMG) were concurrently measured during overground walking at a comfortable speed. We first examined changes in gait quality measures across the number of muscle modules using linear regression model. Then, a stepying mechanism of disturbances in gait quality and provides insight for a more comprehensive outcome measure to assess gait impairment after stroke.
The results suggest that there exists a significant correlation between the neuromuscular control framework and the gait quality measures. This study helps to understand the underlying mechanism of disturbances in gait quality and provides insight for a more comprehensive outcome measure to assess gait impairment after stroke.
Glioma is a complex cancer with a high morbidity and high mortality. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown promise as an excellent cell/drug delivery vehicle for gene-targeted therapy; however, maintaining genetic stability and biological activity remains difficult. Furthermore, whether BMSCs support or inhibit tumor growth remains debated. This study investigated whether a traditional Chinese medicine fomular, Fuzheng Yiliu decoction (FYD) had a synergistic antitumor effect with IL-12 gene-modified BMSCs in glioma-bearing nude mice METHODS The lentivirus-mediated IL-12 gene was transfected into primarily cultured BMSCs. A total of 72 BALB/c nude mice were used to establish xenograft models with glioma U251 cells and were divided into groups (n = 12) including blank control group, nude mouse model group (model group), lentiviral transfection of BMSC group with no gene loading (BMSC group), IL-12 lentivirus-transfected BMSC group (IL-12 + BMSC group), FYD treatment group (FYD group), and FYD virus-transfected BMSC group (FYD + IL-12 + BMSC group).. After treatment for 14 days, all mice were sacrificed to collect tumor tissue and serum for more detection, such as distribution of BMSCs, cell apoptosis in xenograft tumors, serum IL-12 and INF-γ levels, mouse weight and tumor volume were measured RESULTS There were significantly more apoptotic cells in tumor tissue in IL-12 gene transfected group, FYD treatment group and FYD combining with IL-12 gene transfected group than that in the model group (P less then 0.05). The FYD + IL-12 + BMSC group showed significantly higher Bax and lower Bcl-2 expression (P less then 0.05), and serum IL-12 and INF-γ levels (P less then 0.05) were higher than that in all other groups. After the intervention, this group also showed a strong inhibitory effect against tumor growth (P less then 0.05) CONCLUSIONS This study suggested FYD treatment combined with IL-12 gene-modified BMSCs shows synergistic antitumor effect in glioma-bearing nude mice.
The epidemiology of Moebius syndrome (MBS) is difficult to assess. In the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of MBS in a well-defined population within a precise geographical area.
Our university hospital is the only national referral center for the diagnosis and treatment of MBS. Participants in this cross-sectional study were patients affected by MBS who had been periodically followed by our medical staff since 1998. Most of the patients were referred to our hospital by the Italian Association of Moebius Syndrome (AISMO). Demographic data necessary for study purposes were made available in the AISMO database, updated to April 2018. Subjects were assigned to geographical macroareas that are conventionally used in surveys and epidemiological investigations by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. The rates and prevalence of MBS cases were calculated on the basis of the last available survey of the Italian population. Each study parameter was then calculated with reference to the wholenfirm the rarity of the disease on a national level.
The prevalence of MBS observed herein, rounded for possible underestimation, was 0.3/100,000 people, without any regional difference in the distribution of cases. Our data confirm the rarity of the disease on a national level.
Nano-Fenton reactors as novel strategy to selectively convert hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) into active hydroxyl radicals in tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy had attracted much attention. However, side effects and low efficiency remain the main drawbacks for cancer precise therapy.
Here, ruthenium-loaded palmitoyl ascorbate (PA)-modified mesoporous silica (Ru@SiO
-PA) was successfully fabricated and characterized. The results indicated that Ru@SiO
-PA under pH6.0 environment displayed enhanced growth inhibition against human cancer cells than that of pH7.4, which indicated the super selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells. Ru@SiO
-PA also induced enhanced cancer cells apoptosis, followed by caspase-3 activation and cytochrome-c release. Mechanism investigation revealed that Ru@SiO
-PA caused enhanced generation of superoxide anion, which subsequently triggered DNA damage and dysfunction of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. Moreover, Ru@SiO
-PA effectively inhibited tumor spheroids and tumor xenografts growth in vivo by induction of apoptosis. The real-time imaging by monitoring Ru fluorescence in vitro and in vivo revealed that Ru@SiO
-PA mainly accumulated in cell nucleus and tumor xenografts. Importantly, Ru@SiO
-PA showed no side effects in vivo, predicting the safety and potential application in clinic.
Our findings validated the rational design that Ru@SiO
-PA can act as novel tumor microenvironment-response nano-Fenton reactors for cancer precise therapy.
Our findings validated the rational design that Ru@SiO2-PA can act as novel tumor microenvironment-response nano-Fenton reactors for cancer precise therapy.
To assess the incremental long-term prognostic value of vasodilator stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD).
Between 2010 and 2011, consecutive patients with cardiovascular risk factors without known CAD referred for stress CMR were followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined by cardiovascular mortality or recurrent non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Uni- and multivariable Cox regressions were performed to determine the prognostic value of ischemia and unrecognized MI defined by sub-endocardial or transmural late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).
Among 2,295 patients without known CAD, 2058 (89.7%) (71.2 ± 12.5years; 37.5% males) completed the follow-up (median [IQR] 8.3 [7.3-8.7] years), and 203 had MACE (9.9%). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, ischemia and unrecognized MI were associated with MACE (hazard ratio, HR 4.64 95% CI 3.69-6.17 and HR 2.88; 95% CI 2.08-3.99, respectively; both p < 0.001). Selleckchem Elacestrant In multivariable stepwise Cox regression, ischemia and unrecognized MI were independent predictors of MACE (HR = 3.71; 95% CI 2.73-5.05, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.22-2.45, p = 0.002; respectively) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 3.13; 95% CI 2.17-4.51, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.15-2.62, p = 0.009; respectively). The addition of ischemia and unrecognized MI led to an improved model discrimination for MACE (change in C statistic from 0.61 to 0.72; NRI = 0.431; IDI = 0.053).
Inducible ischemia and unrecognized MI identified by stress CMR have incremental long term prognostic value for the incidence of MACE in patients without known CAD over traditional risk factors and left ventricular ejection fraction.
Inducible ischemia and unrecognized MI identified by stress CMR have incremental long term prognostic value for the incidence of MACE in patients without known CAD over traditional risk factors and left ventricular ejection fraction.
