Greenlangston1137

The overall removal efficiencies of OMPs in the DWTP ranged from -50.9% to 100%. The most efficient removal technologies were ozonation and granular activated carbon.Silver ion (Ag+) is an important catalyst to improve chalcopyrite bio-dissolution, but its effects on initial adhesion behaviors and biofilm formation of acidophiles onto metal sulfide were still unknown. In this study, initial attachment behavior and adhesion force in the presence of Ag+ (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L) were comparatively analyzed for Acidianus manzaensis YN-25. Biofilm was observed by fluorescent images in the presence of 0, 1 and 2 mg/L Ag+. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) corroborated the catalytic mechanisms of Ag+ to biofilm formation. Results showed that Ag+ could significantly promote the attachment of cells on chalcopyrite, and the optimum concentration of Ag+ was 2 mg/L with the biggest percentage of attached cells (74%), followed by 5 mg/L (71%), whereas that for the control (0 mg/L) was only 61%. Ag+ significantly increased the interaction force between A. manzaensis YN-25 and chalcopyrite. Compared with the control, larger coverage of biofilm (up to 40% versus 32%) and more corrosion pits were observed on chalcopyrite in the presence of 2 mg/L Ag+. Moreover, Ag+ catalyzed chalcopyrite corrosion and accelerated biofilm formation by producing a loose porous Ag2S layer and Ag0 to decrease the resistivity. The live/dead ratio was small with a range of 0.31-1.38, suggesting that dead cells were a great slice during the whole life-cycle of biofilm on chalcopyrite. This report offers a profound insight into the promotion mechanism of Ag+ on adhesion behaviors and biofilm formation by thermoacidophilic archaeon under extremely acidic conditions.This study investigated the applicability of waste antivirus copper film (CF) as a Fenton-like catalyst. The reaction activity of H2O2 and CF in combination was significantly enhanced by ultrasound (US) irradiation, and the synergy factor calculated from bisphenol A (BPA) degradation using CF-H2O2-US was 9.64 compare to that of dual factors. Photoluminescence analyses were conducted to compare the generation of hydroxyl radicals during both processes. In this sono-Fenton-like process, BPA degradation was affected by solution pH, temperature, ultrasound power, CF size, H2O2 dose, and initial BPA concentration. The BPA degradation curves showed an induction period (first stage) and a rapid degradation period (second stage). Process efficiency was totally and partially enhanced in the presence of chloride and carbonate ions, respectively. Chemical scavenger tests showed that both free and surface-bound hydroxyl radicals participate in BPA degradation under the sono-Fenton-like process using CF. The functional groups and copper crystals on the CF surface remained unchanged after five consecutive reuses, and the BPA degradation efficiency of CF was maintained over 80% during the reuse processes as a sono-Fenton-like catalyst.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

), an essential cofactor for mitochondrial function, declines with aging, which may lead to impaired physical performance. Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD

precursor, restores cellular NAD

levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of short-term NR supplementation on physical performance in middle-aged mice and the effects on mouse and human muscle stem cells.

We treated 15-mo-old male C57BL/6J mice with NR at 300 mg·kg·d

(NR3), 600 mg·kg·d

(NR6), or placebo (PLB), n=8 per group, and assessed changes in physical performance, muscle histology, and NAD

content after 4 wk of treatment.

NR increased total NAD

in muscle tissue (NR3 P=0.01; NR6 P=0.004, both versus PLB), enhanced treadmill endurance and open-field activity, and prevented decline in grip strength. Histologic analysis revealed NR-treated mice exhibited enlarged slow-twitch fibers (NR6 versus PLB P=0.014; NR3 P=0.16) and a trend toward more slow fibers (NR3 P=0.14; NR6 P=0.22). We next carried out experiments to characterize NR effects on mitochondrial activity and cellular energetics in vitro. We observed that NR boosted basal and maximal cellular aerobic and anaerobic respiration in both mouse and human myoblasts and human myotubes. Additionally, NR treatment improved the differentiating capacity of myoblasts and increased myotube size and fusion index upon stimulation of these progenitors to form multinucleated myotubes.

These findings support a role for NR in improving cellular energetics and functional capacity in mice, which support the translation of this work into clinical settings as a strategy for improving and/or maintaining health span during aging.

These findings support a role for NR in improving cellular energetics and functional capacity in mice, which support the translation of this work into clinical settings as a strategy for improving and/or maintaining health span during aging.

Controversial results of the association between green tea consumption and risk for esophageal cancer (EC) were reported by previous meta-analysis. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the association.

The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies. Selleck Nicotinamide We used a "one-stage approach" with a restricted cubic spline model to summarize the dose-specific relationships between green tea and risk for EC. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to measure the effects. Fourteen studies were included with a total of 5057 ECs among 493 332 participants.

In the dose-response analysis, the summary OR for a 1 cup/d increase in green tea was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.04; I

=77%). No nonlinearity association was observed between tea consumption and risk for EC (P=0.71 for nonlinearity). In the subgroup of sex, the summary OR for a 1 cup/d increase in green tea was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.95-1.11, I

=67%) for men and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68-0.91; I

=0%) for women.

ed to provide more precise evidence, especially in women and more regions (United States and Europe).

Age-associated sarcopenia is due to anabolic resistance to feeding. Muscle protein synthesis is improved by fast proteins (e.g., lactoserum), which increase peripheral amino acid (AA) bioavailability more rapidly than slow proteins (e.g., casein), and by citrulline. Citrulline, which limits splanchnic sequestration of AA, may more effectively increase peripheral AA bioavailability when combined with lactoserum than with casein when administered as an oral nutritional protein supplement.

In this study, 25 fasted aged rats received a single gavage administration of lactoserum or casein 0.4 g/kg, alone or with citrulline 0.4 g/kg, and AA pharmacokinetics, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were monitored for 4 h. At 4 h, muscle protein and AA contents and protein synthesis activation were measured.

While lactoserum was associated with higher AA availability, citrulline exerts only limited effects on the plasma profile of AAs from the two proteins. Maximum plasma citrulline was reached earlier with casein (T90 min) than with lactoserum (T120 min). A protein x citrulline interaction was observed for some plasma and muscle AA levels with a significant activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling suggesting higher anabolism with the combination of citrulline and lactoserum. Lower plasma and muscle AA levels with citrulline and lactoserum compared to lactoserum alone suggest a greater AA utilization in a context of muscle anabolic signaling activation.

Provision of a citrulline-lactoserum combination as a nutritional supplement could therefore be beneficial in terms of muscle protein balance and prevention of sarcopenia. link2 Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this combination.

Provision of a citrulline-lactoserum combination as a nutritional supplement could therefore be beneficial in terms of muscle protein balance and prevention of sarcopenia. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this combination.

This article describes two patients with renal lithiasis who received a megadose of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) and had a good outcome.

The first case reports a 74-year-old man with a long-term history of renal lithiasis and about four episodes of renal crisis. He was treated once with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. He also had a history of dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Laboratory tests demonstrated 25(OH)D of 28 ng/mL (normal range (nr) >30 ng/mL), normal lipid levels, creatinine of 1.1 mg/dL, and homocysteine of 26.6 mcmol/L (nr 5-15 mcmol/L); parathyroid hormone (PTH) was high at 67.3 pg/mL (nr 10-65 pg/mL), serum total calcium was 8.6 mg/dL, 24-h urinary calcium was 139 mg/d (normal range 100-300 mg/d), and urinary sediment was normal. He received 50 000 IU per week of vitamin D for 3 mo, and 25(OH)D increased to 36.6 ng/mL. Urinary calcium was 142 mg/d, PTH was 46.7 pg/mL, and serum calcium was 9.6 mg/dL. No renal crisis was perceived. He asked for an alternative formthermore, this shows the safety of this strategy in patients without hypercalciuria.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a megadose of vitamin D used in patients with nephrolithiasis. link3 Furthermore, this shows the safety of this strategy in patients without hypercalciuria.

Recently, many epidemiologic and animal studies have indicated that obesity has its origin in early stages of life, including the inappropriate balance of some nutrients. So the objectives of this study were to determine the risk of obesity in male offspring mice as a consequence of maternal vitamin D (VD) deficiency mediating the disordered immune response.

C57BL/6J female mice 4 wk old were fed VD-deficient or normal reproductive diets during pregnancy and lactation. Their male offspring were given control and high-fat diets for 16 wk after weaning and then weighed and euthanized. The serum was collected for biochemical analyses. Epididymal (eWAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) were excised for histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, gene expression of inflammatory factors, and determination by flow cytometry of the proportions of immune cells.

Insufficient maternal VD intake exacerbated the development of obesity in male offspring mice that were both obese and non-obese, as evidenced al VD deficiency might promote the development of obesity in male offspring mice partly by modulating the immune cell populations and causing a polarization in the adipose depots.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on the metabolic profiles of overweight or obese children.

This was a randomized crossover clinical trial with 44 overweight or obese girls. After a 2-wk run-in period, girls were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group were asked to obtain 50% of their grain servings from whole grain foods each day for 6 wk. Those in the control group were asked not to consume any of these foods. A 4-wk washout period was applied following which participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after each phase of study.

Mean (± SD) age and body mass index was 11.2 ± 1.49 y and 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m

, respectively. Mean whole grain intake in intervention and control groups throughout the study was 26.5 and 3.7 g/d, respectively (P=0.01). Whole grain consumption resulted in lower concentrations of plasma glucose (changes from baseline in intervention group -0.