Ogdenrusso7017

With the aim of obtaining information to establish an import risk assessment on African swine fever (ASF) and other transboundary animal diseases (TADs) into Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted between 1 August and 20 September 2019 on air travellers arriving into Japan from China. There were 248 responses with 2.8 % of respondents illegally importing pork products. The quantity imported per traveller varied between 250 g and 2 kg. Concerning the travellers' perception in regard to the difficulty of importing a pork product in their luggage, 32 respondents (12.9 %) considered it very easy or rather easy and 216 (87.1 %) very difficult or rather difficult. In regard to the recognition of respondents of the illegality of importing pork products into Japan, seven respondents (2.8 %) did not consider this practice to be illegal whilst 241 (97.2 %) had some idea of the illegal nature of this behaviour. The regression analysis revealed that the practice of illegal importation of pork products was significantly affected by the level of difficulty perception held by the traveller (P less then 0.001) and that the difficulty perception is significantly affected by the level of recognition of illegality by the traveller (P less then 0.001). The result of this study will not only provide useful data in developing a model to assess the probability of introduction of ASF and other TADs into Japan and other countries, but also in monitoring the effect of measures taken by the government to reduce the illegal importation of meat and meat products. We review the nature of interdisciplinary research in relation to One Health, a perspective on human-animal health which would appear to merit close interdisciplinary cooperation to inform public health policy. We discuss the relationship between biological sciences, epidemiology and the social sciences and note that interdisciplinary work demands attention be given to a range of often neglected epistemological and methodological issues. Epidemiologists may sometimes adopt social science techniques as "bolt-ons"1 to their research without having a complete understanding of how the social sciences work. The paper introduces a range of social science concepts and applies them to the challenges of understanding and practicing participatory and local epidemiology. We consider the problem of co-production of knowledge about One Health and zoonotic diseases in relation to funding structures, working in large international teams and explore some of the often-neglected realities of working across disciplines and cultures. We do this in part by applying the concept of value-chain to the research process. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the most important livestock tick, causing economical losses especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Pour-on formulations using synthetic chemicals, remain the most farmer friendly conventional form of tick control method. Misuse of acaricides can lead to the emergence of resistance, residual chemicals in animal products, the poisoning of vertebrates and environment contamination. Despite the increase in the use of pour-on formulations, little is known regarding the therapeutic and residual efficacy of these products after the treated animals are exposed to rainfall. Moreover, information is scanty on whether efficacy is modulated by different levels of tick burden. Three studies were conducted. selleck inhibitor In the two first experiments, we evaluated the therapeutic and residual efficacies of commercial pour-on products (fluazuron 2.5 mg/kg and fipronil 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) on cattle naturally infested with R. (B.) microplus under the condition of simulated rainfall. In the third study, we investigated whether tick burden affects the efficacy of the drugs used a chemical control method involving three different formulations (Day 0 cypermethrin 5.0 mg/kg + chlorpyrifos 7.0 mg/kg + citronellal 0.5 mg/kg; Day 7 fluazuron 3.0 mg/kg + abamectin 0.5 mg/kg and Day 56 fipronil 1.0 mg/kg + fluazuron 3.0 mg/kg). Tick counts were performed on different days to assess efficacy. It was observed that the residual efficacy of the commercial formulations was lower on animals that received simulated rain. In addition, therapeutic and residual efficacies of the products were reduced in the group of animals with a high tick burden of R. (B.) microplus. In conclusion, rainfall decreases the efficacy of acaricides. Also, the tick burden must be considered when selecting a pour-on formulation. High-value yak meat from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was investigated using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ2H, δ18O, δ15N and δ34S) to identify attributes which could verify and protect its geographical origin. Supervised PLS-DA was applied to the isotope data to discriminate four geographical locations. δ13C, δ2H, and δ18O values showed significant differences according to origin while δ15N and δ34S values did not show any change across the different regions. Isotope values of different body tissues from the same animal showed no statistical difference for the five stable isotopes. In addition, the δ2H and δ18O values of defatted yak meat was highly correlated to farm altitude and associated drinking water. This yak meat traceability method is particularly useful to protect the Product of Geographical Indication (PGI) status of Gannan yak meat and verify the farming origin of yak meat sold in markets for food safety purposes, especially when excessive hormones, pesticides or heavy metals are found. Typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants (Hal-POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are a group of ubiquitous organic pollutants with an endocrine disrupting effect. This study evaluated the accumulation and congener profiles of Hal-POPs in the bodies of men who live/work in areas of South China where electronic wastes are collected and managed, especially in their semen samples. The results show that the detection frequency and serum concentrations of Hal-POP congeners within the high-exposure group (HEG) were higher than those of the low-exposure group (LEG). Furthermore, an identical trend was observed for the seminal plasma concentrations of Hal-POPs. The distribution characteristics, such as their mean, median, and discrete values, of PBDE congeners in serum and semen samples from the same subjects were consistent with each other. However, the distribution characteristics of PCB congeners in serum samples were different from those in semen samples. BDE153 was one of the most abundant congeners found in the serum and semen samples; hence, it can be identified as an indicator PBDE congener. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism of Hal-POPs distribution in human semen and serum samples. BACKGROUND Ionization air purifiers, which purify particulate matter (PM) by producing vast number of negative air ions (NAI), are widely used. Recent study implied that ionization air purification could bring respiratory benefits but deterioration of heart rate variability (HRV). However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the molecular linkages between indoor NAI, decreased PM and the cardiorespiratory effect after purification. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 44 healthy children three times of each study period (real and sham purification) in an existing randomized, double-blind crossover study. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was conducted in metabolomics analysis, the associations between indoor NAI, decreased PM and the cardiorespiratory function were investigated via the meet-in-metabolite approach (MIMA) based on statistical and metabolic pathway analysis. Mixed-effect models were used to establish associations between exp and anti-oxidation capacity with different metabolic pathways. Developmental exposure to environmental chemicals with estrogen-like activity is suspected to permanently impair women's health. In this study, a mouse model was used to evaluate whether tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate (TDMPP), a chemical with a putative estrogen-like action, impairs sexual differentiation of the brain. Either TDMPP and 17β-estradiol (E2) as positive controls or sesame oil as a negative control were administered subcutaneously to dams from gestational day (GD) 14 to parturition, and to pups from postnatal day (PND) 0 to 9. Precocious puberty, irregular estrous cycles, and a lowered lordosis response were found in the TDMPP- and E2-treated groups. A certain amount of TDMPP and its metabolites in the perinatal brain and the masculinization of sexual dimorphic nuclei in the hypothalamus of female mice after treatment were also detected. The experimental evidence demonstrates that TDMPP directly enters the fetal and neonatal brain, thereby inducing changes of sex-related brain structures and impairing female reproductive functions. Mg(OH)2 is extensively considered as an potential material for groundwater remediation because its injection could provide a long-term pH buffering system. In this study, colloidal Mg(OH)2 was regarded as an alternative reagent for the in-situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, experiments demonstrated that the transport performance of colloidal Mg(OH)2 in groundwater was depressed by the contamination of heavy metals and its stabilization performance for heavy metals was deteriorated. To solve these difficulties, the transport properties of colloidal Mg(OH)2 was enhanced by viscosity modification by adding xanthan gum (XG). Column tests were conducted to investigate the transport performance of colloidal Mg(OH)2 with and without viscosity modification, and to evaluate its stabilization effect for Pb and Cd polluted aquifer. Experimental results indicate that although the injection pressure increased during the migration of colloidal Mg(OH)2, the increased viscosity effectively could decrease the intensity of Brownian motion of Mg(OH)2 particles and reduce the collision efficiency between colloidal particles and aquifer media. Thus, deposition of Mg(OH)2 particles on aquifer media significantly reduced after viscosity modification, and its migration performance in groundwater was effectively enhanced. In contrast, the distribution of colloidal Mg(OH)2 was more uniform after viscosity modification, and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated aquifer was noticeably improved, furthermore the exchangeable fraction of Pb and Cd is significantly reduced. BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with an increased risk of developing a neurodevelopmental disorder during childhood or later in life. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether prenatal NO2 inhalation causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cognitive deficits in weanling offspring without subsequent postnatal NO2 exposure and how this prenatal exposure contributes to postnatal consequences. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to air or NO2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/day) throughout gestation, and the offspring were sacrificed on postnatal days (PNDs) 1, 7, 14 and 21. We determined the mRNA profiles of different postnatal developmental windows, detected the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiles and cognitive function in weanling offspring, and analyzed the effects of hub lncRNAs on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Prenatal NO2 inhalation significantly impaired cognitive function in the weanling male, but not female, offspring. The male-specific response was coupled with abnormal neuropathologies and transcriptional profiles in the cortex during different postnatal developmental windows.