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Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a new threat to human lives worldwide. Preparedness of institutions during epidemic outbreak has a pivotal role in saving lives and preventing further spread. At the same time, these pandemics impact badly on professional and personal life of Health care workers. The objective of this study is to find the opinion of Health care workers regarding their level of preparedness, concerns and perceived impact related to this pandemic outbreak.

In this study, random samples of doctors and nurses was provided with a self-administered questionnaire regarding their preparedness, work and non-work related concerns and impact on their lives during Covid-19 outbreak.

Most of the Health Care Workers believed that their institute preparation to fight Covid-19 pandemic is better than prior to onset of this crisis (

< 0.001). Work related stress was seen more commonly in nurses whereas higher frequency of non-work related stress was observed among doctors. Nurses (75.55%) faith in their

Children under five years of age are most vulnerable to the vicious cycles of malnutrition, disease/infection and resultant disability all of which influence the present condition of a child at the microlevel and the future human resource development of the nation at the macrolevel.

The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among under-five children; and to determine the associated factors.

All 112 Anganwadi Centres in block Lakhan Majra were enlisted and 30 Anganwadi Centres were selected by adopting systematic random sampling. From each selected Anganwadi Centre, 20 children of 15 years of age group were selected by simple random sampling, thus, a sample of 600 children was included in the study.

Overall prevalence of undernutrition in our study was found as follows wasted 18.4%; underweight 38.3%; stunted 41.3%. Mothers who had four or more ANC visits and IFA intake for 100 or more days had lower prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight than the mothers with three or less ANC visits and inadequate IFA intake. Children with a history of pre-lacteal feeding had higher prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting than the children with no history of pre-lacteal feeding.

Every endeavor should be made to combat the outcomes of undernutrition through multipronged approach such as growth monitoring, nutritional supplementation, etc., Also, present study findings reinforce the importance of proper infant and child feeding practices and appropriate maternal care in prevention of childhood undernutrition.

Every endeavor should be made to combat the outcomes of undernutrition through multipronged approach such as growth monitoring, nutritional supplementation, etc., Also, present study findings reinforce the importance of proper infant and child feeding practices and appropriate maternal care in prevention of childhood undernutrition.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) as a compensated or preclinical type of primary and overt hypothyroidism (OHT) can affect approximately 4-10% of the general population. Treating SCH can slowdown the progression to OHT, the formation of cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and other miscellaneous problems.

The present study is a case-control study that was conducted on 239 adults who were referred to 501 Imam Reza Hospital from March 2019 up to September 2019. Of the 239 patients and their families admitted to the hospital, 121 (50.6%) were euthyroid (as control group) and the remaining participants (118, 49.4%) were SCH (as case group). The serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), urea, uric acid, creatinine, T3, and T4 were asked to be determined at a single laboratory. Biochemical markers of kidney function and the level of thyroid hormones were compared between the two groups of euthyroid and SCH.

TSH was significantly higher in SCH (7.25 (4.4-18.15)) compared to euthyroid (1.4 (0.2-3.7)) patients (

< 0.001). Among biochemical markers, creatinine (

< 0.001) and uric acid (

= 0.006) had higher serum levels in the case group. There was no remarkable difference in the thyroxine hormone levels and urea between the euthyroid and SCH patients (

> 0.05). Within the SCH group, there was a significant positive correlation between TSH and the level of creatinine (

= 0.001,

= 0.302).

Regular monitoring of the major function of the kidneys in patients with hypothyroidism and SCH can help early diagnosis of kidney dysfunction, thus increasing the chance of restoring normal kidney function.

Regular monitoring of the major function of the kidneys in patients with hypothyroidism and SCH can help early diagnosis of kidney dysfunction, thus increasing the chance of restoring normal kidney function.

To assess awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for Saudis with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in Riyadh City.

A cross-sectional study that used self-administered questionnaires conducted in primary healthcare centers in Riyadh City between October and December 2019.

There were 267 Saudi participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting primary healthcare clinics. (52.4%) were aged 40 years or above at time of diagnosis with diabetes. (73%) had diabetes for at least 5 years. Most of the participants have a good blood glucose control and they do home measurements. In regard to DR, (64.4%) of participants had no subjective or objective indicators of retinopathy, and (70%) had visited ophthalmology clinics. Majority of the participants were advised about DR or referred to an ophthalmologist by their primary physician, with the percentages being (64.8%) and (59.6%), respectively. Regarding other risk factors of DR, (19.5%) had a family history of DR, (23.2%) of participant are smokers and (41.6%) were hypertensives. Majority of the participants were aware about all the aspects of DR, its consequences, and appropriate management except the laser therapy. In terms of area of living and education respondents, who lived in the center of Riyadh City and the secondary level or less educated participants had the lowest level of education.

Awareness of DR is acceptable but should not lead this information to reduced awareness and educational programs. Outreach researchers' efforts should cover other directions instead awareness of DR.

Awareness of DR is acceptable but should not lead this information to reduced awareness and educational programs. Outreach researchers' efforts should cover other directions instead awareness of DR.

Every year >9 million people suffer from tuberculosis (TB) and India accounts for >25% of global TB burden. Tuberculosis patients experience both psychological and social suffering. Amongst the problems met by tuberculosis patients, social stigma has been increasingly recognized. This study was done to assess social stigma and associated factors among the tuberculosis patients attending Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) centers in South East Delhi.

It was a cross-sectional study carried out among tuberculosis patients availing treatment from DOTS centers of South East Delhi. Out of 48 DOTS centers in South East Delhi, 6 centers were selected on the basis of population proportion to size. A total of 270 TB patients were interviewed using a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire consisting of stigma-based questions. Fisher exact and Chi-square test applied.

The mean age of patients was 31.5 years (SD ± 11.5) with age ranging from 18 to 77 years. Males were higher (57.4%) compared to females (42.6%). 123 (45.5%) perceived stigma with family/friends and 92/158 (58.2%) perceived stigma at workplace. Young patients (<30 years), males faced more stigma at workplace and lower socioeconomic class faced higher stigma with family and friends (

< 0.05).

There is still higher stigmatization faced by patients with TB at family/friends and at workplace. Motivation by friends/family and support at workplace has been crucial in achieving successful treatment outcomes.

There is still higher stigmatization faced by patients with TB at family/friends and at workplace. Motivation by friends/family and support at workplace has been crucial in achieving successful treatment outcomes.

This study was carried out on patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) to assess the clinical characteristics, spectrum of microbial flora, antibiotic sensitivity, and devise an empiric antimicrobial therapy.

Clinical data and tissue samples were collected from 105 diabetic foot ulcer patients between December 2018 and November 2019. The collected samples were processed as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and clinical and microbiological data was analyzed.

In this study of 105 patients, DFU was most common in males in 5

and 6

decade of life. Majority of patients had poor glycemic control and neuropathy. Of 110 bacterial isolates obtained from 97 samples, 73.7% were Gram-negative bacteria, and 27.3% were Gram-positive. Most of samples (48.6%) showed growth of single bacteria, growth of two bacteria and polymicrobial growth was seen in 28.6% and 15.2% of tissue samples respectively of which.

was predominant isolate (27.3%) sensitive to imipenem (90%), amikacin (86.6%), gentamicin (83.3%), and cefotaxime (80%) followed by

(19.1%) sensitive to amikacin and gentamicin (100%), and ofloxacin (90%).

and

were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

This study showed DFU are common in 5

and 6

decades of life. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant infective organism. MMAE order Most of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are resistant to variable degrees to commonly used antibiotics and sensitive to aminoglycosides. link2 Amikacin and gentamicin can be used as empiric antibiotics for treatment of DFU infections.

This study showed DFU are common in 5th and 6th decades of life. link3 Gram-negative bacteria are predominant infective organism. Most of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are resistant to variable degrees to commonly used antibiotics and sensitive to aminoglycosides. Amikacin and gentamicin can be used as empiric antibiotics for treatment of DFU infections.

Heat-related illness is a common medical emergency. There is failure of thermoregulatory mechanisms of the body resulting in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome which if not identified and treated urgently can result in high mortality rate and permanent neurological damage. This study provides description of clinical profile patients presenting with heat-related illness and identifies clinical and laboratory variables resulting in poor outcome.

This retrospective study was done identifying adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of heat-related illness from April to August 2019 in tertiary care center. Their clinical profile, laboratory investigations and outcome were extracted from medical records and variables associated with poor outcome were analyzed for statistical significance.

Mean age of the patients in the study was 61 years with mean heat index of the localities being 39.6-degree C. 66% of patients had multiple organ dysfunction with central nervous system dysfunction (77%) followed by respiratory distress syndrome (61%) as the most common organ derangement.

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