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y.The rapid dissemination of misinformation in social media during the COVID-19 pandemic triggers panic and threatens the pandemic preparedness and control. Correction is a crucial countermeasure to debunk misperceptions. However, the effective mechanism of correction on social media is not fully verified. Previous works focus on psychological theories and experimental studies, while the applicability of conclusions to the actual social media is unclear. This study explores determinants governing the effectiveness of misinformation corrections on social media with a combination of a data-driven approach and related theories on psychology and communication. Specifically, referring to the Backfire Effect, Source Credibility, and Audience's role in dissemination theories, we propose five hypotheses containing seven potential factors (regarding correction content and publishers' influence), e.g., the proportion of original misinformation and warnings of misinformation. Then, we obtain 1487 significant COVID-19 related corrections on Microblog between January 1st, 2020 and April 30th, 2020, and conduct annotations, which characterize each piece of correction based on the aforementioned factors. We demonstrate several promising conclusions through a comprehensive analysis of the dataset. For example, mentioning excessive original misinformation in corrections would not undermine people's believability within a short period after reading; warnings of misinformation in a demanding tone make correction worse; determinants of correction effectiveness vary among different topics of misinformation. Finally, we build a regression model to predict correction effectiveness. These results provide practical suggestions on misinformation correction on social media, and a tool to guide practitioners to revise corrections before publishing, leading to ideal efficacies.While charitable donations help to raise funds and contribute to pandemic prevention and control, there are many unanswered questions about how people make such donation decisions, especially in countries like China where charitable donations have played an increasing role in recent years. This study contributes to the literature by assessing the potential impacts of Chinese netizens' experience with the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic on their willingness to donate for COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Specifically, this study applies a difference-in-differences (DID) model to a dataset collected from a nationwide survey to examine how individuals' exposure to the SARS epidemic affects their willingness to donate to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that individuals' SARS epidemic experiences in their early lives, especially during the "childhood-adolescence" period, had a lasting and far-reaching impact on their willingness to donate toward COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Also, the impacts were likely heterogeneous by such sociodemographic factors as educational background, health status, and income level. The empirical findings highlight the importance of considering early-life experiences in developing and implementing epidemic prevention and control policies. While the SARS experience likely affected Chinese netizens' willingness to donate toward COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control, lessons learned from both the SARS epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic could be used to develop more effective public health education and prevention programs as well as to increase public donations for future pandemic prevention and control.Pesticides have been increasingly recognized as a significant source of morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world. In particular, significant attention has been given to the use of pesticides to cause deliberate self-harm in India. Approximately half of suicides in India are due to intentional poisoning of which the majority are from pesticides. Young children are commonly poisoned by accidental ingestion, unintentional dermal or inhalational exposure, whereas adolescents are more severely poisoned if attempting self-harm through intentional ingestion. It is the purpose of this paper to highlight the problem of pesticide poisoning in the pediatric population of India, and to recommend policy options to address this global problem. Reducing access to pesticides and educating farmers and the public regarding the proper storage and use of pesticides and the establishment of more poison centers in India can be part of a broader strategy to address these life-threatening poisonings in children.We describe a case of osteomyelitis of the rib caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. The patient presented with a subtle, indolent course leading to a suspected 2-year delay in diagnosis. This case highlights that the diagnosis of rib osteomyelitis, which can readily mimic other diagnoses, such as costochondritis, intraabdominal infections, pneumonia, or malignancies warrants a high index of suspicion. 11-deoxojervine Albeit rare, pediatricians should be aware of the possibility of rib osteomyelitis in healthy children to help ensure a prompt diagnosis and appropriate, timely management.

Pneumonia represents a public health problem of substantial health and economic burden. However, the evidence on the burden of adult pneumonia is limited in China.

The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,725 participants aged 30-79 years from five urban and five rural areas during 2004-2008. The current analyses included 506,086 participants who were alive in 2009. Pneumonia hospitalizations were ascertained through the health insurance system until December 31, 2017. Generalized linear models were used to examine the secular trends and regional and population variations in pneumonia hospitalization rate, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), and 30-day case fatality rate (CFR).

A total of 27,879 participants with 36,567 pneumonia hospitalizations were identified with a mean follow-up time of 8·9 years. The unadjusted hospitalization rate was 8·4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8·3, 8·6) per 1000 person-years, with an increase of 15·5% annually from 4·2 (3·9, 4·4) in 2009 to 10·9 (10·6, 11·3) in 2017, aftehis manuscript.

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8.9, 27,879, 36,567.8.4 (95% CI8.3, 8.6)/1000, ,, 20094.2 (3.9, 4.4)201710.9 (10.6, 11.3), 15.5%.8.8(95% CI8.7, 8.9), 1.0%.30, 2.4(95% CI2.2, 2.5)/100.;,, 30.

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This translation in Chinese was submitted by the authors and we reproduce it as supplied. It has not been peer reviewed. Our editorial processes have only been applied to the original abstract in English, which should serve as reference for this manuscript. , ., .(China Kadoorie Biobank)2004-2008555030-79.506,086200911.20091120171231.,30,.8.9, 27,879, 36,567.8.4 (95% CI8.3, 8.6)/1000, ,, 20094.2 (3.9, 4.4)201710.9 (10.6, 11.3), 15.5%.8.8(95% CI8.7, 8.9), 1.0%.30, 2.4(95% CI2.2, 2.5)/100.;,, 30., ≥60.Purpose of the Review. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) techniques have dramatically grown after approval to manage overactive bladder (OAB). The present review will focus on the most current data on PTNS types (percutaneous, transcutaneous, and implant) and their mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, advantages, drawbacks, limitation, and clinical applications. Recent Findings. The present review described the recent studies that addressed the tibial nerve stimulation role in OAB management. BlueWind RENOVA system, Bioness StimRouter, and eCoin are examples of emerging technologies that have evolved from interval sessions (percutaneous PTNS and transcutaneous PTNS) to continuous stimulation (implants). These can be efficiently managed at home by patients with minimum burden on the health system and fewer visits, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary. Our review shows that the tibial nerve stimulation advancements in OAB treatment have been rapidly increasing over the recent years. It is minimally invasive and effective, similar to sacral nerve stimulation (SNM), but less aggressive. Implantable PTNS has been promised in terms of efficacy, safety, and high acceptance rate. However, evidence is still limited to short-term trials, and tolerability, method, and drawbacks remain challenges.We conduct a long-term epidemiology study of COVID-19 in India from Mar 2020 to May 2021 using a number of indicators such as active cases, daily new cases, and deaths, on a micro (district level, per capita) and macro level (state level). Our automated shape-based cluster discovery of the per capita daily new cases (case rate) during the first wave in India (between Mar 2020 and Jan 2021) revealed four distinct shape patterns sharp-rise and decline, steady-rise and decline, plateau and multiple relatively high peaks. These clusters exhibit a strong geographical correlation. To determine the correspondence between clusters obtained by different indicators, we design a novel metric for determining edge-weights in their intersection graph. This is used for comparative analysis and to develop informative hierarchical cartographic visualizations. We then perform dynamic cluster analysis for different time windows to answer some pertinent questions. Is the second wave similar to or different from the first wave? How has the relative ranking (on micro- and macro-level indicators) of the states varied over the last one year? How much medical resources have been stressed during the peak? We demonstrate that using multiple indicators, we can assess the impact of the epidemic holistically in a particular geography. Our analysis techniques and insights obtained can help the local and state governments in monitoring and managing COVID-19 situation and fine-tuning the ongoing vaccination drive in India.Health-related information is considered as 'highly sensitive' by the European General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) and determining whether a text document contains health-related information or not is of interest for both individuals and companies in a number of different scenarios. Although some efforts have been made to detect different categories of personal data in texts, including health information, the classification task by machines is still challenging. In this work, we aim to contribute to solving this challenge by building a corpus of tweets being shared in the current COVID-19 pandemic context. The corpus is called PHDD(Corpus of Physical Health Data Disclosure on Twitter During COVID-19 Pandemic) and contains 1,494 tweets which have been manually tagged by three taggers in three dimensions health-sensitivity status, categories of health information, and subject of health history. Furthermore, a lightweight ontology called PTHI (Privacy Tags for Health Information), which reuses two other vocabularies, namely hl7 and dpv, is built to represent the corpus in a machine-readable format. The corpus is publicly available and can be used by NLP experts for implementation of techniques to detect sensitive health information in textual documents.To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antipruritic effect of capsaicin, we investigated how topical application of capsaicin (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0% w/v) affects spontaneous scratching in NC/Nga mice, inerleukin-31 (IL-31) induced in BALB/c mice, and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) mRNA expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Capsaicin concentration-dependently suppressed long-lasting scratching (over 1.0 s, itch-associated scratching) and short-lasting scratching (0.3-1.0 s, locomotor activity) immediately after the application. Total long-lasting scratching and short-lasting scratching counts for 24 h and IL-31RA mRNA expression in the DRG significantly decreased with increasing concentration of capsaicin. Furthermore, 1.0% capsaicin suppressed long-lasting scratching and short-lasting scratching for more than 72 h. At this point, DRG IL-31RAmRNA was significantly decreased, but there was no change in cutaneous IL-31RA and TRPV1 mRNA. Thus capsaicin suppresses long-lasting scratching by inhibiting IL-31RA mRNA expression in the DRG.