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To review the current status of artificial intelligence systems in ophthalmology and highlight the steps required for clinical translation of artificial intelligence into personalized health care (PHC) in retinal disease.

Artificial intelligence systems for ophthalmological application have made rapid advances, but are yet to attain a state of technical maturity that allows their adoption into real-world settings. There remains an 'artificial intelligence chasm' in the spheres of validation, regulation, safe implementation, and demonstration of clinical impact that needs to be bridged before the full potential of artificial intelligence to deliver PHC can be realized.

Ophthalmology is currently in a stage between the demonstration of the potential of artificial intelligence and widespread deployment. Next stages include aggregating and curating datasets, training and validating artificial intelligence systems, establishing the regulatory framework, implementation and adoption with ongoing evaluation and validated tools that have demonstrated measurable impact on patient and healthcare system outcomes. Ophthalmologists should leverage the ability of artificial intelligence systems to glean insights from large volumes of multivariate data, and to interpret artificial intelligence recommendations in a clinical context. In doing so, the field will be well positioned to lead the transformation of health care in a personalized direction. VIDEO ABSTRACT http//links.lww.com/COOP/A35.

Artificial intelligence has already provided multiple clinically relevant applications in ophthalmology. Yet, the explosion of nonstandardized reporting of high-performing algorithms are rendered useless without robust and streamlined implementation guidelines. The development of protocols and checklists will accelerate the translation of research publications to impact on patient care.

Beyond technological scepticism, we lack uniformity in analysing algorithmic performance generalizability, and benchmarking impacts across clinical settings. No regulatory guardrails have been set to minimize bias or optimize interpretability; no consensus clinical acceptability thresholds or systematized postdeployment monitoring has been set. Moreover, stakeholders with misaligned incentives deepen the landscape complexity especially when it comes to the requisite data integration and harmonization to advance the field. Therefore, despite increasing algorithmic accuracy and commoditization, the infamous 'implementation gachieved clinically and methodologically to realize artificial intelligence's impact on clinical care. Exponentially progressive network effects can be seen by consolidating, curating and distributing data amongst both clinicians and data scientists.

One major complication of the insertion of a peripheral venous catheter (PVC) is phlebitis, often resulting in delay of treatment, increased healthcare costs and prolonged hospitalization.

The current study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized PVC care bundle in increasing the compliance of PVC care and assessment and reduce the occurrences of phlebitis rates.

A pre and postimplementation audit approach was used in this study and adopted the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice program. This study was carried out in three phases over a 10-month period, from March 2017 to December 2017 across three medical wards in a hospital in Singapore with a sample size of 90 patients. The study involved educating nurses on phlebitis assessment, implementing a PVC care bundle and monitoring compliance. An audit tool comprising four criteria from the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System was den process of phlebitis and can aid in reducing the incidence of phlebitis. The nurses' compliance in practicing the PVC care bundle was determined by the post and preimplementation audits, thus, the audit approach was beneficial in translating evidence into practice.

The current study showed that the implementation of a standardized PVC care bundle can significantly enhance the assessment and identification process of phlebitis and can aid in reducing the incidence of phlebitis. The nurses' compliance in practicing the PVC care bundle was determined by the post and preimplementation audits, thus, the audit approach was beneficial in translating evidence into practice.Many surgical techniques have been published in regards to the operative management of DeQuervain tenosynovitis. As it has been classically described, stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor tendon compartment is a common tendinopathy along the radial side of the wrist causing pain and swelling in the affected area. When surgery is necessary, decompression of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons decreases first extensor compartment friction and has been shown to successfully alleviate symptoms. A number of varying techniques have been reported in the literature to achieve adequate decompression and minimize postoperative complications such as sensory nerve injury, incomplete decompression, and tendon subluxation. We describe a novel volar approach to the first extensor compartment, which allows direct visualization of the retinaculum and a midline retinacular release. In addition, the volar approach has an associated decreased risk of iatrogenic nerve injury by passing volar and deep to the more superficial sensory nerves that overly the retinaculum. On the basis of our experience, patients do not experience an increased risk of volar tendon subluxation with this approach.Thumb basal joint arthritis treatment with biological arthroplasty is a widely used procedure in hand surgery centers. The several described techniques are based on the use of different tendons of the wrist, implying frequently a tenoplasty around flexor carpi radialis or transosseous tunnels to stabilize the articulation. The authors have been using, for many years, the technique conceived by F. Brunelli that relies on the anchorage of the volar band of the abductor pollicis longus tendon to the first intermetacarpal ligament, to obtain a suspension arthroplasty. SMIP34 inhibitor Technical details are discussed. Sixty-seven patients in Eaton-Littler stage 2 or 3 with >4 years follow-up after surgery were evaluated. Each patient expressed a subjective evaluation relating to pain, functionality, strength, esthetic aspect, and general satisfaction. The following parameters have been considered as objective data the angle of the first web space, the abduction and opposition of the first digit, the pinch, and the strength. X-rays were also performed to verify the distance between the scaphoid and the first metacarpal.